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Transcript
Energy Bellringer •How are energy and power different? Energy • Energy is the ability to do work • Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force • Work is a transfer of energy • Energy and work are expressed in units of joules (J) or newton-meters (N•m) Kinetic Energy • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion • All moving objects have kinetic energy • Kinetic energy depends on mass and speed • m = mass (kg); v = velocity • The faster something is moving, the more kinetic energy it has • The greater the mass of a moving object, the greater its kinetic energy is Potential Energy • Potential Energy is the energy an object has because of its position • Example: A stretched bow has potential energy Gravitational Potential Energy • The amount of gravitational potential energy that an object has depends on its weight and its height. • Example: books on shelves, backpack on your back Gravitational potential energy = weight X height • Weight is measured in Newtons and height is measured in meters so the units for gravitational potential energy are newton-meters (N•m) or joules (J) Mechanical Energy • Mechanical Energy is the total energy of motion and position of an object • Both potential energy and kinetic energy are kinds of mechanical energy • Mechanical energy can be all potential energy, all kinetic energy, or some of each Mechanical energy = potential energy + kinetic energy Other Forms of Energy • Thermal (Heat) Energy is all of the kinetic energy due to random motion of the particles that make up an object • Chemical Energy is the energy of a chemical compound that changes as its atoms are rearranged • Chemical energy is a form of potential energy because it depends on the position and arrangement of the atoms in a compound. • Electrical Energy is the energy of moving electrons • Sound Energy is caused by an object’s vibrations • Light Energy is produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles • Nuclear Energy is energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom
