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AP Lang 2014 Identifying Rhetorical Strategies: Logos, Pathos, and Ethos Rhetoric: The art of using language persuasively and effectively Logos = Reason/Logic Pathos = Emotion Ethos = Ethics and Credibility The ongoing establishment of a rhetor’s authority, credibility, and believability as he/she speaks or writes. Ethos appeals to ethics and character. Ethos seeks to persuade the reader that the writer/speaker can be trusted and believed due to his/her noble character or ethical ways in which he/she is presenting ideas. The use of logic, rationality, and critical reasoning to persuade. Logos appeals to the mind. Logos seeks to persuade the reader intellectually. The use of emotion and affect to persuade. Pathos appeals to the heart and to one’s emotions. Pathos seeks to persuade the reader emotionally. To appeal to reason or logic Theoretical, abstract language Denotative meanings/reasons Literal and historical analogies Definitions Factual data and statistics Quotations Citations from experts and authorities Informed opinions To appeal to emotion Vivid, concrete language Emotionally loaded language Connotative meanings Emotional examples Vivid descriptions Narratives of emotional events Emotional tone Figurative language To appeal to moral philosophy or credulity Language appropriate to audience and subject Restrained, sincere, fair-minded presentation Appropriate level of vocabulary Clear articulation Multiple perspectives How can you use this appeal? How can you use this appeal? How can you use this appeal? Provide sufficient evidence from empirical sources and sound reasoning. This appeal is matter-of-fact. It is very useful; if used appropriately, it can be extremely effective for persuading people to believe something. Draw readers in by offering emotionally charged reasoning. This rhetorical appeal is often used to elicit a specific response such as outrage, anger, sadness, happiness, desire, and so on. The plan is that if the intended audience feels the emotional response, they will be persuaded. Demonstrate your reliability, credibility, and moral philosophy. It can also persuade the audience by challenging their ethics. This might occur if it seems that only an unscrupulous audience would disagree with you. Identifying Rhetorical Strategies in Thoreau’s “On Civil Disobedience” Logos = Logic Pathos = Emotion Ethos = Ethics and Credibility The use of logic, rationality, and critical reasoning to persuade. Logos appeals to the mind. Logos seeks to persuade the reader intellectually. The use of emotion and affect to persuade. Pathos appeals to the heart and to one’s emotions. Pathos seeks to persuade the reader emotionally. The ongoing establishment of a rhetor’s authority, credibility, and believability as he/she speaks or writes. Ethos appeals to ethics and character. Ethos seeks to persuade the reader that the writer/speaker can be trusted and believed due to his/her noble character or ethical ways in which he/she is presenting ideas. your speech X and List three quotes using ethos from “CD” your speech List three quotes using logos from “CD” X and specific sub-category within logos Quote Sub-Category your speech List three quotes using pathos from X “CD” and specific sub-category within pathos Quote Sub-Category specific sub-category within ethos Quote Sub-Category