Download Information systems

I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
Introduction to Computers and Information Systems
The outline of the course
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Information Systems
The use of information systems
The components of information system and information technology
Computers and Computer systems
• Hardware
• Software
• User
• Databases
• Hierarchical database systems
• Hypertext (Net) database systems
• Relational database systems
• Internet
• Web design
Please check-out the web site at:
http://kanoglu.tripod.com
for the detailed content and requirements of the class.
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
Information systems
Basic Concepts
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Information
Information System (IS)
Information Technology (IT)
Information Society
What is information concept and types of information?
1. Knowledge obtained by education, experience etc.
2. Intelligence related to a certain event or situation,
3. Data Group: statistical information,
4. News
5. Messages transmitted as sounds and images via phone lines or computer networks or
radio waves , neural impulses in living organisms etc..
What is information system and information technology?
Information system (IS):
An organised combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks, and
data resources that collects, transforms and disseminates information in an organisation.
Information technology (IT):
Any device which is used for gathering, recording, transforming and disseminating the
information.
What is the objective of information systems?
A positive contribution by information systems can come in three forms;
• Efficiency measured by productivity- doing things better
(support of business operations)
• Effectiveness accomplished by broadening the scope of individual tasks- doing
better/right things
(support of managerial decision making)
• Competitive advantage gained by enterprise - doing better and new things
(support of strategic management)
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
Components of Computer Based
Information System Model
Enformasyon Sistemi
problems
problems
Problemler
decisions
Kararlar
enformasyon
information
information
solutions
Çözümler
data process.s.
Veri İşleme
Sistemi
manag.inform.s.
Yönetim Enformas.
Sistemi
decision supp.s.
Karar Destek
Sistemi
office autom.s.
Ofis Otomasyon
Sistemi
expert systems
Uzman Sistemler
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
Computers
History of computers
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Charles babage’s mechanical calculator 1791
Herman Hollerith’s electrical calculator 1880
Atanasof-Berry Computer ABC 1930
Howard Aiken’s Harward Mark I 1944
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
UNIVAC I Universal Automatic Computer 1951
J. Bardeen’s Transistors (transfer and rezistor)
Computer programming languages FORTRAN 1954, COBOL 1959
Integrated circuits 1965
Microchips 1971
Computers and computer systems
Industry standards for personal computers
• IBM compatible computers
• Apple computers (Macintosh)
Computer types
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Hand-held computers
Note-book computers
Laptop computers
Desktop computers
Workstations
Mainframes
Supercomputers
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
Hardware
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Central units
Storage units
Input devices
Output devices
Central units
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Central processing unit CPU
Random access memory RAM
Read only memory ROM BIOS
Motherboard (mainboard)
BUS
Ports
Add-in cards
Central processing unit
The brain of computer processing the data and producing the outputs demanded by user.
Their development:
• 8088 (4.77) Mhz 8 bit architecture
• 8086 (7 Mhz), 16 bit
• 80286 (20 Mhz), 16 bit
• 80386 (33, 40 Mhz), 16 bit
• 80486 (33, 66 Mhz), 32 bit
• 80586 (Pentium processors), 64 bit
Pentium processors
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Pentium (75, 120, 166, 266 Mhz)
Pentium MMX (166, 200, 300 Mhz)
Pentium Pro (!)
Pentium II (300 Mhz)
Pentium III (400 Mhz, 500 Mhz)
How can we measure the speed of CPU
Electrical Speed (Mhz)
MIPS (Million Instructions per Second)
Motherboard
The board that contains the CPU chip, RAM, ROM, expantion slots, ports and circuitry
for a number of other functions.
Random access memory
RAM is the primary memory of the computer. Stores the data temporarily.
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
Parameters are:
• Capacity (Mbyte)
• Access time (nanosecond, 60-70-80)
• Architecture (EDO RAM, SDRAM)
Read only memory ROM
Described as a software-in-hardware module that can only be read but not written on.
Types:
• ROM (Read only memory)
• PROM (Programmable read only memory)
• EPROM (Eraseable-Programmable read only memory)
Add-in boards (cards)
The boards that are inserted into expantion slots on computer’s motherboard. Types:
• Display adapter board (EGA, VGA, SVGA)
• Fax-modem board (baud rate, 28.8, 33.6, 56 K)
• Network board (ethernet)
• TV board
• Sound board
Ports
An outlet on the motherboard through which a peripheral device may communicate.
Types:
• Serial ports
• Parallel ports
• USB ports
Storage units
• Primary storage
• Harddisks
• Hardcards
• Secondary storage
• Diskette
• Tape
• CD ROM
• Zip drive
Harddisks
Primary storage devices that keeps data permanently. Consist of mechanical and
electronical parts. Basic parameters:
• Capacity (gigabyte, terabyte)
• Access time (milisecond)
• Data transfer rate (Kbyte/sec)
• Internal, external, mobile
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
Diskette drivers and diskettes
Permanent storage units. Smaller capacity compared to harddisks. Types of diskettes:
• 5 1/4 inches (360 Kbytes, 720 Kbytes) DD, HD
• 3 1/2 inches (720 Kbytes, 1.44 Mbytes) DD, HD
CD drivers and compact discs
Optical devices for permanent storage of data. Basic types are CD recorders and CD
drivers.
Parameters for recorders
• Reading, writing speed (x150 Kbytes/sec)
• External, internal
Parameters for drivers
• Data storage capacity (650 MB)
• Writable, re-writable CD
Input devices
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Keyboard
Mouse
Trackball
Touchpad
Joystick
Digitizer
Touchscreen
Lightpen
Cross-hair cursor
Output devices
Printers
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Plotters
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Monitors
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Dot-matrix
Thermal
Inkjet
Laser
Line printer
Page printer
Pen
Inkjet
Eletrostatic
Monochrome
Color
Grayscale
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
Dot-matrix printers
Printers that are based on impact mechanism. Parameters:
• Pin number (9, 12, 24 pins)
• Speed (cps, character per second)
• Font support
• Electronic deep switch
Speed of printers
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Dot-matrix cps (200, 300)
Thermal ppm (4, 6)
Laser ppm (4, 6)
Inkjet ppm (3, 4)
Line printers lpm (300, 3000)
Page printers pps (1- 4)
Abbreviations for printer speed measurement units
cps: character per second
ppm: page per minute
lpm: line per minute
pps: page per second
Monitors
Visual output devices. Parameters:
• Color
• Resolution (640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, 1280x960)
• Interlaced, non-interlaced
• Low radiation
• Size (14, 15, 17, 19, 21 inches)
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
Software
What is software?
Procedures coded by using a computer programming language for fulfilling a special
purpose.
Basic software categories
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Operating Systems
Utility Programs
Application Packages
Programming Languages & Compilers
Communication Software
Custom Applications
Operating system software
The main collection of programs that manage the computer system’s actvities that:
• ensures that each vaid incoming program is processed in an orderly fashion
• ensures that system resources are made available to run the programs optimally
arranges the relationships among the system components.
Operating system types
• Single User/Single Tasking O.S.
MS DOS, MacOS, CP/M etc.
• Single User/Multi Tasking O.S.
OS/2, Windows, etc.
• Multi User/Multi Tasking O.S
Unix, Xenix, Windows NT, Linux, etc.
Utility software
• Multi Purpose Utility Programs
PC Tools, Norton Utilities, etc.
• Disk Compression Programs
DoubleSpace, Compress, Speed Disk, Stacker, etc.
• Disk Optimization Programs
Defrag etc.
• File Compression Programs
Arch, Pak, Zip, Winzip, Pkzip, etc.
• Optical Character Recognition Programs
Wordscan, PC OCR, ReadRight, etc.
• Grammer, Style and Proofing Programs
Grammatik, Rightwriter etc.
• AntiVirus Programs
McAfee, Norton, F-Prot, etc.
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
Application packages
• Word Processors
Wordperfect, MS Winword, AMI, PW , etc.
• Spreadsheets
Lotus 1-2-3, MS Excel, Quattro, etc.
• Databases
dBase, Paradox, Access, etc.
• Integrated Packages
MS Works, PFS:First Choice, etc
• Graphic Packages
• Business Graphics
Harvard Graphics, Freelance,
• Scientific Graphics
MathCad, Grapher etc.
• Computer Aided Design
AutoCad, DesignCad, Archicad, etc.
• Desktop Publishing
Aldus Pagemaker, Ventura, etc.
• Application Packages for Particular Areas
• Accounting, Finance, Payroll
Quicken, Peachtree, Timeslips, Logo, Link, etc.
• Project Management
Timeline, MS Project, HPM, Primavera, Baan etc.
• Education & Entertainment
Typing Tutor, F. Simulator, etc.
• etc.
• Decision Support and Expert Systems
• Programming Languages & Compilers
• Languages for Sequential Programming
Basic, C++, Pascal, Fortran, etc.
• Object oriented programming languages
Visualbasic, C++, etc.
• Languages for Artificial Intelligence Programming
Prolog, Lisp, etc
• Communication Software
• Modem Software
Crosstalk, Procomm, etc.
• Fax Software
Winfax, MTEZ, etc.
• Fax-modem software
• Terminal Emulator Software
CP Commute, MS Terminal, etc.
Versions of windows operating system
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
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Windows 3.1 (an interface on MS DOS)
Windows ‘95
Windows ‘98
Windows ’00
Basics of windows operating system
Control Panel (controls what?)
• Adding hardware
• Adding / removing software
• Display
• Printers
• Fonts
• Network
• System
Basics of windows operating system
Windows explorer and basic functions
• Creating file system (directories and files)
• Formatting diskettes
• Copying, moving and deleting files and directories
• Changing the attributes of files
(hidden, read only, archive)
• Finding the file(s)
• Help system in windows
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
File recording system in windows
Hierarchical Database Structure
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Disks and diskettes
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Directories,
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File structure
sub-directories,
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sub-sub directories...
Assignment
NA ME
doc
DOT
File types and extensions
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Text or document files (txt, doc)
Executable files (exe, com, bat)
System files (sys)
Driver files (dll)
Help files (hlp)
Data files (dat)
Initiation files (ini)
Spreadsheet files (xls, xlb... wk1, wks...)
Database files (mdb, dbf...)
Graphic files (gif, tif, jpg, bmp, wmf)
Drawing files (dwg...)
Internet files (html)
Programming languages’ files (bas, for, pas)
EXTENSION
I.T.U. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Information Technology in Tourism
by
Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu
Utility software
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Defrag (disk optimizing and defragmenting)
Scandisk (scanning and fixing disk and file system)
Doublespace (disk compressing)
Winzip (file archiving)
Sysedit (system editor)
Mw Backup (archiving files)
Mw Undelete (recovering deleted files)
Windows explorer (creating and browsing file system, basic OS operations)
Getright (downloading from internet)
Mcafee (antivirus: detecting and removing viruses)
Basic concepts for measuring the size of information
Byte=8 bit
Kbyte=1024 Byte (28)
Megabyte=1024 Kbyte
Gigabyte=1024 Megabyte
Terabyte=1024 Gigabyte