Download Unit 2 Lesson 3 Teacher Notes

Unit 2: Lesson 3
Energy and Matter in
Ecosystems
1
How do organisms get energy?
 Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space.
 Organisms need energy!
 Energy – is the ability to do work.
 2 ways to get energy and matter.
 1. Sun – Producers use sunlight to make their own food
through photosynthesis.
 2. Other organisms – Consumers get energy by eating
other organisms.
2
What happens to energy and matter
in ecosystems?
 The law of conservation of energy – states that energy
cannot be created or destroyed .
 But it can change forms!
 Light energy converted into food
 When sugars are used and heat is given off.
 Wind energy into electrical energy.
3
What happens to energy and matter
in ecosystems?
 The law of conservation of mass – states that mass
cannot be created or destroyed.
 But it can change forms!
4
How does energy move through an
ecosystem?
 Energy pyramid – used to trace the flow of energy
through an ecosystem.
 There is less energy and fewer organisms at the top.
 Energy is lost as it is being consumed by the levels.
Omnivores
Carnivores
Herbivores
Producers
5
The Water Cycle
 Water cycle - Water moves
between the ocean, the
atmosphere, and the land.
 3 main ways water enters the
atmosphere.
 1. Evaporation – Heat from the sun
causes water to change from a
liquid to a gas or vapor.
 2. Transpiration – Plants release
water vapor from their leaves due
to the heat of the sun.
 3. Respiration – Organisms release
water as waste
6
The Water Cycle
 Condensation – Water vapor or gas cools
and returns to a liquid.
 Precipitation – the water that falls from the
atmosphere to the land and ocean.
 Rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
 Most precipitation falls into the oceans.
 Runoff – the precipitation that falls on land
and flows into streams and rivers.
 Groundwater – the water that seeps into the
ground.
7
The Water Cycle
8
The Water Cycle
 The Water Cycle Song (she’ll be coming around the
mountain)
 Oh the water has a cycle yes it does,
 Oh the water has a cycle yes it does.
 It goes up in evaporation, forms a cloud in condensation, falls
back down as precipitation
 Yes it does!
 Oh the water has a cycle yes it does,
 Oh the water has a cycle yes it does.
 It runs off to lakes and streams from the oceans and the seas
 It transpires from plant’s leaves
 Yes it does!
video
The life of a raindrop
9
Video 2
The Nitrogen Cycle
 The movement of nitrogen between the environment
and living things.
 Most of Earth’s atmosphere is Nitrogen gas.
 Most organisms cannot use Nitrogen gas.
 Nitrogen fixation – a process where bacteria in the soil
change nitrogen gas into a form that plants can use
known as ammonia.
 Animals get nitrogen by eating the plants or other
consumers
 Decomposers return nitrogen to the soil and the cycle
starts again.
10
The Nitrogen Cycle
Video animation
11
Video
The Carbon Cycle
 Carbon Cycle – the movement of carbon between
organisms and the environment.
 Carbon is found almost everywhere:






Sugars
The atmosphere as carbon dioxide
Bodies of water
Rocks and soils
Organisms
Fossil fuels
Video
12
The Carbon Cycle
Video
Carbon cycle song
13