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Renaissance Poetry Part II Emblematic Poetry • • • • Picture poem Shaped verse Concrete poetry calligramme Sonnets How do you know the poem is a sonnet? Sonnets almost always have 14 lines. However, some modern sonnets have more lines. Sonnets are titled by number or first line. Three Basic Types of Sonnets • Italian or Petrachan • English or Shakespearean • Spenserian Usually a problem is introduced in the first half and the resolved or intensified in the second half of the poem. Italian or Petrarchan • • • • F. Petrarch created the form. Octave—8 lines Sestet—6 lines The sonnet has a turn or volta. (shift or change) • abba abba cdcdcd or cde cde—rhyme scheme English or Shakespearean • Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets. • abab cdcd efef gg—rhyme scheme • The last two lines are a closed couplet. A couplet is two lines of poetry that rhyme and make a complete thought. • English sonnets had 3 quatrains and 1 couplet. A quatrain is 4 lines. The turn usually occurs before the couplet. • Iambic pentameter---meter Shakespeare’s Sonnets • Shakespeare dedicate his sonnets to Mr. W. H.. • In some sonnets, Shakespeare refers to a rival poet and a dark lady. • We don’t really know the order of the sonnets. Spenserian Sonnet • Created by Edmund Spenser • abab bcbc cdcd ee---linking rhyme scheme • He wrote a sonnet sequence or sonnet cycle which is a group of sonnets on the same subject. Reasons why the rhyme scheme might not work: • 1. translation from a different language • 2. poetic license • 3. pronunciation of words has changed over time Literary Terms • Anaphora—beginning words or repeated • Paradox—an apparent contradiction that is actually true Example: love and hate someone • Carpe diem—seize the day