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Plate Tectonics
▶ By
Destiny, Jarrek, Kaidence, and
Autumn
1.The Denali Fault and San Andreas
Fault
The San Andreas Fault is a
continental transform fault that
extends roughly 1300 km (810
miles) through California. It forms
the tectonic boundary between
the Pacific Plate and the North
American Plate, and its motion is
right-lateral strike-slip (horizontal).
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The Ring
of Fire
definition
General / Misc. The Ring of Fire is a ring of volcanoes
around the Pacific Ocean that result from subduction of
oceanic plates beneath lighter continental plates.
Subduction of oceanic lithosphere. Most of the Earth's
volcanoes are located around the Pacific Ring of Fire
because that the location of most of the Earth's
subduction zones.
Plate Tectonics
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Plate Tectonic states that the earths crust and upper mantle are broken into
sections, called plates.
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The plates move around the mantle.
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The plates are composed with the crust and part of the upper mantle, the parts
are called the lithosphere.
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The layer below the lithosphere is called the asthenosphere.
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Three ways the plates can move are- move apart, move together, or past each
other.
How Do the Tectonic Plates
Move ?
Plates at our planet's surface move because of the intense heat in the Earth's core
that causes molten rock in the mantle layer to move. It moves in a pattern called a
convection cell that forms when warm material rises, cools, and eventually sink down.
Scientists once thought that Earth’s plates just surfed on top of the mantle’s giant convection cells, but
now scientists believe that plates help themselves move instead of just surfing along. Just like convection
cells, plates have warmer, thinner parts that are more likely to rise, and colder, denser parts that are more
likely to sink.
New parts of a plate rise because they are warm and the plate is thin. As hot magma rises to the surface
at spreading ridges and forms new crust, the new crust pushes the rest of a plate out of its way. This is
called ridge push.
Old parts of a plate are likely to sink down into the mantle at subduction zones because they are colder
and thicker than the warm mantle material underneath them. This is called slab pull.
▶ Plate
tectonics is a scientific theory that describes the
large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical
model builds on the concept of continental drift which
was developed during the first few decades of the 20th
century. The geoscientific community accepted
plate-tectonic theory after seafloor spreading was
validated in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
DEFINITION FOR: Tectonic Plates
The Ring of Fire
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The Ring of Fire is a major area in the Pacific Ocean, where
a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
happen. There is a series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs,
and volcanic belts and/or plate movement. Now The Ring of
Fire is known for area that is very close to several tectonic
plates which may be what influences the volcanic activity in
the area.
The Pacific Ring of Fire is the name that is given to a
horseshoe shaped area in the Pacific Ocean which extends
from South America and North America to Eastern Asia,
Australia and New Zea Land. This area is famous for its
constant seismic activity and because of the amount of active
volcanoes that can be found here. 75% of dormant and active
volcanoes are found in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Now it is
known that the area is very close to several tectonic plates
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How the plates collide:
What happens when plates collide? It depends
how the plates are moving when they meet:
• When two plates collide head-on, they push
each other up and form mountains. That's how
the Himalayas and other great mountain ranges
(including the Rockies, long ago) were created.
• When one plate dives below another plate, it
creates a subduction zone as the diving plate is
crushed and melted. This process often creates
volcanoes as the magma (molten rock) rises up to
the surface.
10 fun facts on Tectonic Plates:
1. Slow, but constant movement has broken the lithosphere in many places, dividing the Earth’s crust into
tectonic plates.
2. Movement happens over millions of years and it’s called continental drift. 250 million years ago, all the
continents were joined together to make a giant continent called Pangaea.
3. The plates’ movement happens very slowly.
4. The Red Sea was formed where the African and Arabian plates pulled apart. Now this is pretty cool,
the rift is getting larger and some people say that the Red Sea will one day from an ocean.
5. Scientists can now track how tectonic plates move using GPS.
6. Moving plates on our planet converge, separate and slide past each other.
7. Plate movements along the ridge produce small earthquakes that produce P waves and S waves as
basalt lava pours out of fissures on the ocean floor.
▶ 8. The Pacific Plate: The Pacific Plate contains the largest ocean on Earth.
▶ 9. The Theory of Plate Tectonics explains how and why crustal plates move around the Earth. Find out
lots of fascinating facts and interesting trivia on plate tectonics.
▶ 10. Find out lots of fascinating facts and interesting trivia on plate tectonics.
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Effects of Plate Tectonics !
The horizontal and vertical displacements associated with plate
tectonics play a fundamental role in climate change over a wide
range of timescales. The solid-earth surface is in direct contact
with the atmosphere and oceans and its evolving character
affects balances of incoming and outgoing radiation, atmospheric
circulation, ocean currents, and the location of elevated
terrain suitable for glaciers and ice sheets. Tectonic processes
also have important indirect climatic effects through their control
on geochemical cycling and the composition of the atmosphere
and ocean. This entry provides an introduction to the
more direct, physical effects of tectonics on the climate system.
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END OF
PRESENTATION!
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