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Biology Final Review Fall semester 2016
1.
What is a carbohydrate? What is its purpose?
2.
What is a lipid? What is its purpose?
3.
What is a nucleic acid? What is its purpose?
4.
What is a protein? What is its purpose?
5.
What moves in and out of a cell, water (a solvent) or the solute (salt, vinegar, corn syrup)?
6.
What is a hypotonic solution? What happens to a cell when placed in a hypotonic solution?
Why?
7.
What is a hypertonic solution? What happens to a cell when placed in a hypertonic
solution? Why?
8.
What is an isotonic solution? What happens to a cell when placed in an isotonic solution?
Why?
9.
What happens to an animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water? Why?
10. What are the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
11. What is photosynthesis?
12. In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?
13. What is cellular respiration?
14. In what organelle does cellular respiration occur?
15. If an organism’s diploid cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in its haploid cells?
16. What is active transport? What type of energy is used for active transport?
17. What is passive transport? What type of energy is used for passive transport?
18. When a substance is being moved into a cell, against the concentration gradient, such as A in the image
below is this active or passive transport?
19. What are some different causes of cell mutations?
Biology Final Review Fall semester 2016
20. What is a possible side effect of exposure to radiation?
21. Using the image below describe what is happening to the rate of reaction as the substrate concentration
increases.
22. Do all cells in a specific organism have the same DNA?
23. Do all cells in a specific organism express the same genes?
24. How many daughter cells are produced through the process of mitosis? Are they haploid
(containing half the chromosomes of the original cell) or diploid (identical to the original cell)?
25. How does substrate concentration affect enzyme activity?
26. How do vaccines work?
27. What type of mutation is this: Original strand AGAUCGAGU → Mutated strand ACAUCGAGU?
28. What are the possible effects of this mutation in question 27? (look up a codon chart on your device if
needed)
29. What type of mutation is this: Original strand AGAUCGAGU → Mutated Strand AGACGAGU?
30. What are the possible effects of this mutation in question 29? (look up a codon chart on your device if
needed)
31. What is a monomer? What is a polymer?
32. What are polymers made of?
33. Why do different body cells (ex. Nerve cell and muscle cell) have different structures (look
34. List all polymers and the monomers that comprise them.
35. What sequence are the following components assembled in to form a polypeptide?
NUCLEOTIDE, PROTEIN, AMINO ACID
different)?
Biology Final Review Fall semester 2016
36. Label the parts found in the following diagram.
37. What do ALL organisms have in common?
38. What enzyme regulates gene transcription, DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase?
39. What step of
gene expression is occurring in the following image?
40. What are some benefits of DNA manipulation to agriculture?
41. What happens during a frameshift (insertion or deletion) mutation? What are possible
consequences?
42. What happens during a substitution mutation? What are possible consequences?
43. What macromolecule is most prevalent in the food item labeled below? What is the purpose of this
macromolecule?
Biology Final Review Fall semester 2016
44. What is the purpose of a mitochondria?
45. What type of cell does not have a mitochondrion?
46. What is the purpose of a nucleus?
47. What type of cell does not have a nucleus?
48. What are the characteristics of a virus in the lytic cycle? Is the host cell symptomatic?
(showing signs of illness)?
49. What are the characteristics of a virus in the lysogenic cycle? Is the host cell symptomatic?
(showing signs of illness)?
50. Place the following levels of organization in their appropriate order: cells, organelles, organs, atoms, tissue,
organism, organ system.
51. What is the endosymbiosis theory? What are some examples of evidence that support this theory?
52.What is osmosis? What substance is moved by osmosis? Is this passive or active transport? 55. What
happens during a translocation mutation? What are some of the consequences of this mutation?
53.
Place the following terms in order from largest to smallest: DNA molecule, nucleotide, gene,
chromosome.
54.
55.
56.
Compare/contrast simple and facilitated diffusion.
Explain the steps of transcription and translation.
Explain how the HIV virus effects cells.