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Transcript
Biology Honors I! ! Name ___________________ Period ___ Worksheet 19.3: Earth’s Early History (pages 553-558; iBooks pages 936-946) A flowchart is a way to show a sequence of events. You can make a flowchart by writing the steps in a series of connected boxes. 1. As you read Lesson 3, complete the flowchart to show the major steps from the origin of Earth to the evolution of eukaryotic cells. Organic molecules form. Earth forms. RNA and DNA evolve. Follow the directions. 2. Fill in the chart with information about early Earth and today’s Earth. Use terms from the box. brown oceans blue skies pinkish-orange skies blue oceans no life many different life forms about 20% oxygen little to no oxygen Early Earth Today’s Earth Oceans Skies Atmosphere Life 1 Biology Honors I! ! Name ___________________ Period ___ Each of the following statements is false. Rewrite the statements to make them true. 3. Oceans on early Earth were blue because they contained lots of dissolved iron. ! ________________________________________________________________ ! ________________________________________________________________ 4. The atmosphere on early Earth could support human life because there was no oxygen. ! ________________________________________________________________ ! ________________________________________________________________ 5. For millions of years, asteroids shook Earth’s crust. ! ________________________________________________________________ ! ________________________________________________________________ 6. Microspheres evolved from living cells. ! ________________________________________________________________ ! ________________________________________________________________ 7. The first cells on Earth were eukaryotic. ! ________________________________________________________________ ! ________________________________________________________________ Use the diagram of the Miller-Urey experiment to answer Questions 3–5. 8. Label the diagram to show which part of Miller and Urey’s apparatus simulated lightning storms on early Earth. ! 9. What was the purpose of Miller and Urey’s experiment? ! _________________________________________ ! _________________________________________ ! _________________________________________ 2 Biology Honors I! ! Name ___________________ Period ___ 10. Explain the results of the Miller-Urey experiment. ! ________________________________________________________________ ! ________________________________________________________________ ! ________________________________________________________________ ! What did the results of the experiment suggest? ! ________________________________________________________________ ! ________________________________________________________________ 11. Complete the cause-and-effect chart below. Use the sentences in the box. ! Organisms that used oxygen for respiration evolved. The first cells became extinct. The oceans changed color from brown to blue. The ozone layer formed and skies turned blue. The iron oxide sank to the ocean floor. Cause: Photosynthetic bacteria began producing oxygen. Cause/Effect: Oxygen combined with iron in the oceans to form iron oxide. Cause/ Effect: Oxygen accumulated in the atmoshpere. Cause/Effect: Cause/Effect: Effect: Cause/Effect: Effect: 3 Biology Honors I! ! Name ___________________ Period ___ ! The endosymbiotic theory explains the evolution of eukaryotic cells. According to the theory, ancient prokaryotes developed a symbiotic relationship with smaller prokaryotes that lived inside them. Some of these smaller prokaryotes could use oxygen to make ATP. These aerobic prokaryotes evolved into mitochondria. Others could perform photosynthesis. These evolved into chloroplasts. The diagram below shows the stages in the endosymbiotic theory. Follow the directions to finish the diagram. 12. Draw the final step in the endosymbiotic theory. Your drawing should show a primitive eukaryotic cell that performed photosynthesis. 13. Label the chloroplast in your drawing. Ancient Aerobic Prokaryote Ancient Anaerobic Prokaryote Nuclear envelope evolving Mitochondrion Primitive Aerobic Eukaryote Ancient Photosynthetic Prokaryote Animals, fungi, and non-plantlike protists Plants and plantlike protists Primitive Photosynthetic Eukaryote Answer the questions. 14. Animals evolved from primitive eukaryotic cells with which structure? chloroplast! mitochondria! nucleus 15. What evidence shows that bacteria and organelles of living cells share a common ancestry? ! 4