Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name:_____________________________________________ Science 8 – Hagan Date____________ Period____________ Page __ Asexual Reproduction Essential Objectives: 1. I can explain the different types of asexual reproduction. 2. I can give examples of animals and plants that reproduce asexually 3. I can describe the advantages and disadvantages of reproducing asexually TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION carried out by unicellular organisms, many lower animals, and many plants asexual reproduction IS mitosis offspring are identical to the parents the process is usually rapid and results in a large number of offspring there are several types of asexual reproduction Benefits: In a stable environment a large number of offspring can be produced in a short time. Its quick, takes less energy and all the offspring are viable (can reproduce)! Drawbacks: If the environment is unstable (think global warming or infectious diseases), offspring will have the same limited genes as their parent. The lack of gene variety means that offspring are more vulnerable to extinction! 1. binary fission or “fission” the division of nuclear material and cytoplasm into 2 parts that are _________ resulting in ___ new organisms which are ________________ to each other basically is simple animal cell mitosis organism examples _______________________________________________ Drawing of binary fission: 2. budding in unicellular organisms o Different from binary fission because ______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ in multicellular organism Examples: ________________________ Drawing of budding: Name:_____________________________________________ Science 8 – Hagan Date____________ Period____________ Page __ 3. Sporulation / Spores spores are _____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ spores are protected by ___________________________________________________ Organisms that sporulate: _________________________________________ Drawing of sporangia and spores (sporulation): 4. regeneration of body parts o describe: ________________________________________________________ o occurs in such animals as _____________________________________________ o Humans “regenerate” by _______________________________________________ new organisms o describe: ____________________________________________________________ o occurs in organisms like ___________________________________________________________________ o Seas star - as long as a ray--one of the points--has some of the center piece, it can grow into a whole new sea star!) Drawing of sea star: 5. Cloning A clone ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ The technique ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ The new individual is genetically _____________________ to the organism from which the cell was taken. Name:_____________________________________________ Science 8 – Hagan Date____________ Period____________ First animal cloned in 1952 were _______________________________________. In 1997, a ____________________ (animal type) was cloned and named Page __ _________________ by a Scottish scientist named Ian Wilmut. 6. vegetative propagation Describe _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ many different types A) runners Describe_______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ when it reaches a favorable spot (enough _____________, _____________...) it will grow into a new individual ex. _________________________________, _____________________ B) cuttings a new plant grows from __________________________________________________ ex. coleus, geraniums C) bulbs bulbs bud from parent plants can grow into new individuals ex. onions, tulips, garlic D) tubers _____________-like structures that grow ____________________ from the parent can form new ____________________ organisms if the conditions are right ex. _________________________________ E) grafting special tissues--called cambium (embryonic) tissues can be attached to a cutting of a parent plant ex. seedless oranges can artificially grow plants with different characteristics that are desirable! Name:_____________________________________________ Science 8 – Hagan Asexual Reproduction Jigsaw Date____________ Period____________ Page __ Use the following information as well as the Green Life Science and the Miller and Levine Biology textbooks to help you answer your part in the jigsaw notes. What are the 6 types of asexual reproduction? Binary fission, budding, spore formation, regeneration, vegetative propagation, and cloning. Binary fission is the simplest form of asexual reproduction. The parent cell simply divides into two parts that are about equal. Each of the new cells, called daughter cells, becomes a separate individual. The daughter cell organisms are identical to each other. Each of the new offspring then grows to a normal size. Binary fission is the usual method of reproduction of one-celled organisms including protozoa, bacteria, and many algae. Budding is another type of asexual reproduction. New individuals develop as small growths or buds on the surface of the parent organism. The new organism may break off and live independently or remain attached and live as a colony. Budding is different from binary fission because the offspring and parent are not the same size; there is an unequal division of cytoplasm. Yeast, hydra, sponges, and some worts reproduce by budding. Spores are special cells that some individual organisms produce. A thick, tough outer coating that protects the inner cell usually surrounds spores. When released by the parent, each spore may grow into a separate individual. Fungi, algae, and protozoa can reproduce by spore formation. Regeneration is the ability to re-grow lost body parts. Starfish or sea stars, earthworms, hydra, and planarian (simple annelids or worms) can regenerate into new individual. A planarian that is cut into several pieces will regenerate into several new worms. So long as a the ray of a sea star still has some part of the center attached, it could grow back into an entire new sea star! Lobsters, crabs, and gecko lizards can regenerate new body parts that may be lost. We do a form of regeneration when we grow new skin over a cut. Vegetative propagation is new cells separating from the parent and forming a complete, independent individual. Plants can reproduce asexually by vegetative propagation. Roots, stems, and leaves are called vegetative structures. Some plants reproduce vegetative by special structures such as bulbs, corms, tubers, runners, and rhizomes. Farmers and gardeners have taken advantage of different plants' ability to reproduce asexually for generations. Artificial vegetative propagation allows gardeners and farmers to grow plant with certain traits. A "cutting" is any vegetative part of the parent plant used to produce a new individual Runners are stem-like structures that grow above the soil from the parent. When a runner reaches a favorable spot (enough light, water...) it will grow into a new individual. Examples of plants that reproduce with runners are strawberries and ivy. Tubers are underground, stem-like structures that expand to form enlarged structures. These can grow into new, individual plants if the conditions are right that are identical to the parent. From one tuber, many new plants can form. Example of a tuber would be potatoes and sweet potatoes. Cloning is a scientifically-engineered reproductive technology that involves infusing the genetic material from a parent organism in to an (nucleus removed) of another cell. See pg. 427 of LE Biology text