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Name_________________________ Hour______ Date______ Unit One: Experimental Design, Ch 16, 26, 27.1 1) Be able to define, describe, and give an example of the following words: Substance Atom Element Compound Mixture Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Freezing Melting Condensation Boiling Evaporation Vaporization Sublimation Deposition 3) Describe particle motion in terms of a solid, liquid, and gas. Describe the arrangement of the molecules between a solid, liquid, and gas. Describe the force of attraction between the molecules of a solid, liquid, and gas. Describe the kinetic energy? How is density related to these concepts? What theory is used to describe all of the above? 4) During a phase change what must be added or lost? 5) During a phase change what stays the same? Why? 6) Be able to use and understand the phase change graph (homework worksheet that shows a graph of temperature vs. energy) a) What is happening during a plateau in the graph? b) What is happening when the line is going up or down? c) Be able to identify the phase change on the graph? d) Which phase changes are endothermic? Why? e) Which phase changes are exothermic? Why? 7) What does salt do to the boiling and freezing points of water? How do we use this concept in Michigan during the winter time? 8) What are the two main categories for classifying matter? What is the difference between heat and temperature? 9) Describe conduction in any life situation. Why is there better conduction in solids and liquids then gases? 10) What does specific heat mean? Is more energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of Al or one gram of water the same number of degrees? Why? 11) Be able to read passages of information and identify Independent, Dependent, and Potential Confounding Variables. Know the difference between the Experimental and Control Groups. Read the following passages of information for more practice on identifying variables and experimental design. A scientist knows that the percent of fish eggs that hatch is affected by the temperature of the water in an aquarium. She is attempting to identify which water temperature will cause the highest percentage of fish eggs to hatch. The scientist sets up 5 aquariums at the following temperatures: 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C. She adds 50 fish eggs to each aquarium and records the number of eggs that hatch in each aquarium. Independent variable: Dependent variable: Potential Confounding Variables: Describe the control group in the experiment (if one doesn’t exist, leave this section blank): MOUTHWASH: The makers of brand A mouthwash want to prove that their mouthwash kills more bacteria than the other 4 leading brands of mouthwash. They organize 60 test subjects into 6 groups of 10 test subjects. The data for the experiment is shown to the right. mouthwash time mouthwash # of bacteria in used was in mouth mouth (average) none 135 A 60 sec. 23 B 60 sec. 170 C 60 sec. 84 D 60 sec. 39 E 60 sec. 81 Independent variable: Dependent variable: Potential Confounding variables: Describe any control group in the experiment (if one doesn’t exist, leave this section blank):