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~ -3a "'" 3c ~ I~ !. GROUPI Herbs normally with floating leaves or ste,!ll.s. ~ 2a "~ ~; la. Leaves with petioles and elliptic to heart-shapedblades. .~ 2a.Leaf bladeselliptic. 2b ALISMATACEAE (Sagittaria) ~ 2b.Leaf bladesheart-shaped. HYDROCHARITACEAE (Limnobium) lb. Leaves without petioles or absent,the blade narrow or absent. 3a. Leaves with narrowly elliptic blades up to 7 cm long. POACEAE (Hydrochloa) 3b. Leaves with long linear blades. ALISMATACEAE (Sagittaria) 3c. Leaves absentor reducedto sheathsonly; stemsthread-like. CYPERACEAE (Eleocharis, Websteria) 2b c!1 ~ 3b" I \I ~ 2a \\ 11 ~ 3c I!II\' I GROUPII Palmsandpalmettos: 1a. Shrubs or unbranchedtrees; leaveslarge, tough, with long petioles, the blade divided like a fan or feather into long stiff segments. ARECACEAE Sabalminor ' la , I { ~ la la. '.l a GROUPIII Serenoarepens Sabalpalmetto , Roystonea Grass-like plants: Plants not fleshy; leaves simple, usually long and narrow, without a petiole, 2- or 3-ranked but not equitant(irislike), the base wrapping around the stemto form a sheath;flowers small, greenor brown, often coveredwith scales,and usually arrangedin clusters in branchedf- ' 2a la. Inflorescencea brown hot-dog-shaped cylinder of denselypackedflowers; leaves la all basal,erect, long, thick, strap-shaped; I plants up to 3 m tall.TYPHACEAE I lb. Inflorescenceotherwise; leavesotherwise (often arching, not erect); plants usually shorter, 11 but if 2 to 3 m tall, then bearing leavesor leaf 1 sheathson stem. 2a. Stemsround, with solid nodesand hollow internodes; leaves2-ranked; leaf sheathsopen, not forming a solid tube around stem; eachflower lacking sepals or petals, covered by at leasttwo overlappingscales, the flowers arrangedin spikelets; eachflower producing one seed. POACEAE "\ / \ I 2a '" ~ (iJ(\"- Monocot Key Page 1 If 2a 2a GROUPIV Herbs having leaves w~thpetioles and broad blades. la. Leaf blades palmately compound. ARA CEAE (Arisaema) lb. Leaf blades simple. 2a. Leaf blades arrow-shapedor heart-shaped. 3a. Leaf bladespeltate (the petiole attached to middle of blade, not to edge),to 1 m long. "* ARACEAE (Colocasia) -~~~ .~ ~ ~ ./ \j 7a .;f{ ~ 3a ~ 3b. Leaf blades not peltate, usually smaller. 4a. Leaf blades large, to 1 m long and broad. ARACEAE (Xanthosoma) 4b. Leaf blades smaller. Sa.Leaf blades narrowly to broadly heart-shapedin outline. ~ la la . tf ' ~ ~~~~- 4a r I . 6a. Leaf blades with cross-veinsbetween the parallel main veins; flowers white. 7a. Leaf blades with severalobvious main veins, often large; flowers in whorls on a long stalk. ALISMATACEAE 7b. Leaf blades with only the midvein obvious, small (up to 7 cm long); flowers on shortstalks from the leaf bases.HYDROCHARITACEAE 6b. Leaf blades without cross-veinsbetween f'~ ~ ~ /' ~\\ 'Y-/II"/" ~ A~ ~({((I!,:~ \ .A \'" the many parallel main veins; flowers purple.," PONTEDERIACEAE ~6b 5b. Leaf blades narrowly to broadly triangular in outline, with two pointed basallobes (arrow-shaped). 8a. Leaves with three main veins, the secondary veins inconspicuous,running almost straight out from the central vein. ARACEAE (Peltandra) 8b. Leaf blades with three or more main veins, the secondaryveins evident, strongly arching back toward the central vein or running parallel to it. ALISMATACEAE (Sagittaria, Echinodorus) Monocot Key Page2 7b ~ 6b W6b ~ rmu\ 8a -- 8a "i~ 2b. Leaf blades narrowly to broadly elliptic, lanceolate,or ovate. 9a. Leaf bladeslarge (to almost 1 m long), on long petioles; flowers small, with purple petals, on a tall stemwith zigzag branches.MARANTACEAE (Thalia) 9b. Leaf blades and petioles shorter; flowers not as above. lOa. Leavesborne along stem; bladeselliptic, to 0.6 m long, petiole short or absent;flowers large, yellow or red. CANNACEAE (Canna) 0' ,,!;!,l' lOb. Leaves mostly basal; bladesshorter,c .--c. ~ ¥a 9a ,Aid" {;~J 4n ~~ ... 1, ;jI petiole; flowers smaller, white, purple, or yellow. 11a.Leaf bladesoblong-elliptic, bluish green, with a satiny sheenon top; flowers minute, on a "gold club" at the tip of a white stalk. ~ ARACEAE (Orontium) '1'/1\'"'lIb. Leaf blades neither oblong, nor bluish green, nor satiny; flowers larger, white or purple. 12a. Leaf blades with cross-veinsbetweenthe parallel main veins; flowers white. ALISMATACEAE 12b. Leaf blades without cross-veinsbetweenthe many parallel main veins; flowers purple. PONTEDERIACEA ~, \] ~ .:.. f 12b ~ 12b GROUPV Herbs having leaves without petioles, the basal leaves equitant (iris-like). ] la. Roots bright red, with red juice. HAEMODORACEAE (Lachnanthes) ~ f(~ ., ./ ,. "fJ la /~ '\(;: 1b. Roots not bright red. 2a. Leaves mostly basal. 3a. Flowers in a tight, brown, egg-shapedor cylindrical head on a leaflessstalk; flowers conspicuous(though ephemeral),with 3 yellow or white petals; leaves often yellow-green with brown or red bases;plants without rhizomes. r: " 3a f I; ,\\ ,!!/ I / 3a \\\\~I 3a \\' \, XYRIDACEAE 3b. Flowers not in a tight head,yellow, white, or blue; leaves usually not yellow-green; plants often with obvious rhizomes. 4a. Stemsflat, with two wings; flowers blue, with six tepals; leavespale green,linear, to 4 mm wide. IRIDACEAE (Sisyrinchium) 4b. Stemsround; flowers yellow or white. Sa.Stemsand flowers covered with gray hairs; flowers yellow, in a flat-topped cluster. HAEMODORACEAE (Lophiola) Sb. Stemscovered with glands, rough to the touch; \\ flowers creamy white, in a narrow raceme-like " inflorescence.LILIACEAE (Tofieldia) , ~ Sa ~fa 4a 2b 2b. Leaves both basal and on stem, up to 0.8 m long; plants with large creepingrhizomes; flowers blue to purple, white, yellow, or red. IRIDACEAE (Iris) Monocot Key Page 3 - 5a ':t ,6a ~ ~ GROUP VI Herbs having leaves without petioles, sometimesreduced to tiny scalesor bladelesssheaths; the basal leaves,if present, not equitant. 2a la. Leavesreducedto tiny scalesor sheathswithout blades. 2a. Leavesreducedto tiny scales;plants up ,..P to 20 cm tall. BURMANNIACEAE W I 2b. Leavesreducedto sheathswithout blades; 2b plants often taller. CYPERACEAE (Eleocharis, Scirpus); JUNCACEAE (Juncus) la. Leaves (at least some)larger. 3a. Leaves all basal. 4a. Freshleavesthick, fleshy or spongy,slender and round in cross-sectionor strap-shaped; flowers large, white, and 6-parted or tiny and green. , Sa. Leaves narrowly to broadly strap-shaped, " 2b V~I Iii 2~~ ~ Sa usually arching, often keeled; flowers large, white, six-parted, solitary or in umbels. AMARYLLmACEAE Sb. Leaves slender,erect or ascending,round in cross-section;flowers tiny and green, in a raceme. JUNCAGINACEAE 6a 4b. Freshleaves not fleshy or spongy (exceptsometimes at base);flowers not as above. 6a. Leaveserect, strap-shaped,up to 3 m long; inflorescencea brown hot-dog-shapedcylinder of denselypacked flowers. TYPHACEA 6b. Leaves ascending,arching, or pressedto the ground, much shorter; inflorescenceeither a white, gray, or brown button- or egg-shapedor cylindrical head or of one to few yellow six-partedflowers. \ 7a. Inflorescencea button-shaped,egg-shaped, " 8a ~ 8a or cylindrical head; leavesusually stiff, in a tight rosette at base of stem,the midveins usually not visible. 8a. Flowering headwhite or gray, button-shaped; flowers minute; leavessometimespressedto the ground. ERIOCAULACEAE 8b.Flowering headbrown, of overlappingscales, egg-shapedor cylindrical; flowers conspicuous (though ephemeral),with 3 yellow or white petals; leavesalways arching or ascending.XYRmACEAE 7b. Inflorescence of one to few yellow 6-partedflowers; leaveslinear, not stiff, in a loose clusterarising from a corm, flat or rolled, often with off-center midveins and a few hairs near the base.HYPOXmACEAE. 8a , \i lifl .! r'll! \~ 'I \\.' ~ \ Monocot Key Page 4 j ! 7b 8b 8b