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Transcript
CHAPTER 1 ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT The Supernatural Tradition: Supernatural influences were formerly believed to explain abnormal behavior. • Demons and Witches • Stress and Melancholy • Treatments for Possession • Mass Hysteria • The Moon and the Stars The Biological Tradition: What are the underlying assumptions of the biological approach to understanding abnormal behavior? • • • Hippocrates: Greek physician (460-377 B.C.) believed psychological disorders could be treated like any other disease Galen: Roman physician (129-198 A.D.) went further with Hippocrates theories; created an influential school of thought that extended into the 19th century Hippocratic-Galenic approach to abnormal behavior was known as the humoral theory The Biological Tradition: What are the underlying assumptions of the biological approach to understanding abnormal behavior? • • The 19th Century: the biological tradition was reinvigorated because of two factors, the discovery of the nature and cause of syphilis and strong support from well respected American psychiatrist John P. Grey Syphilis: caused by a bacterial microorganism entering the brain, symptoms were delusion of grandeur or delusion of persecution The Psychological Tradition How does the psychological approaches of psychoanalysis, humanism, and behaviorism explain abnormal behavior? • • • Moral Therapy: Psychosocial approach in the 19th century that involved treating patients as normal as possible in normal environments. Psychosocial Treatment: Treatment practices that focus on social and cultural factors as well as psychological influences. Approaches include cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal methods Mental Hygiene movement: Asylum reform and the decline of moral therapy Psychological Tradition….Continued Psychoanalytic Mesmer Theory (1734-1815) Animal magnetism, a living organism Charcot (1825-1893) Legitimize the practice of hypnosis Breuer (1842-1925) hypnotic procedures collaborated with Freud discovering the unconscious Freud (1856-1939) Founder of psychoanalysis Freud: Structures of the mind Defense mechanisms Psychosexual stages of development Psychoanalytic thought Psychoanalytic psychotherapy The Psychological Tradition Humanistic Theory (Read page, 19) Humanistic Psychology Self-actualizing Person-centered therapy Unconditional positive regard The Behavioral Model Pavlov and Classical Conditioning Watson and the rise of behaviorism The Beginnings of Behavior Therapy B.F. Skinner and Operant Conditioning The Behavioral model has contributed to the understanding and treatment of psychopathology. But it is not a complete model since understanding more about psychopathology. An Integrative Approach Why is the scientific method son important in studying abnormal behavior?
