Download Biology - Manatee School for the Arts

Biology
http://www.google.com/imgres
The Working Cell: Energy
from Sunlight
Click on:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixA8ZXx0KU
• Photosynthesis evolved ~3 billion years ago
– It supports most of life on Earth
– It is the conversion of sunlight into a usable form of energy
• Pigments are molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of
light while reflecting others
• Chlorophyll is green (what we see) and absorbs violet, red
and blue; this is the main pigment of photosynthesis.
http://www.google.com/imgres
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• There are 2 types of chlorophyll (a & b);
chlorophyll a is the primary pigment in
all plants and algae
• The chloroplast is the organelle that is
the location of photosynthesis. There
are many chloroplasts within the leaf (the
main photosynthetic part of the plant).
http://www.google.com/imgres
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Chloroplast
• Double membrane (outer & inner)
• Chlorophyll: green pigment within
• Thylakoids: disk-shaped structures that
contain the enzymes needed for
photosynthesis
• Grana (sing: granum): stacks of thylakoids
(allow for greater surface area)
• Stroma: fluid within (surrounding
thylakoids)
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http://universe-review.ca/I10-22a-leaf.jpg
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The general equation of photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis occurs in 2 stages (see fig 8-4):
• Light dependent Reactions
• Calvin Cycle (a.k.a. light independent or Dark
Reactions)
http://www.google.com/imgres
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Simple_photosynthesis_overview.PNG/484pxSimple_photosynthesis_overview.PNG
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Photosynthesis
Light Dependent
Reactions:
• These are also known
as the Light
Reactions
• These require light
• These require water
and sunlight
http://www.google.com/imgres
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What happens?
• Light enters the chloroplast
• Water is split, releasing O2 (this is what
we breathe)
• Electrons become available (to make
ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle)
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Photosystems
• Photosystem I & photosystem II are located
w/in the thylakoids.
– Light reactions take place w/in thylakoids
– Chlorophyll a is located here
– Photosystem II is used 1st; then photosystem I
http://www.google.com/imgres
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The Calvin Cycle:
• This is a.k.a. the
light independent
or dark reactions
• This requires CO2
(makes the sugar)
http://www.google.com/imgres
• This requires ATP
and NADPH
(which “drives the
cycle)
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http://www.google.com/imgres
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• 1 glucose is produced for every 6
molecules of CO2 that enter the Calvin
Cycle
• Actually G3P (glyceraldehyde-3phosphate) is the product of 1 turn of
the Calvin Cycle
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Global Impact
• Carbon cycle: process of C changing
from inorganic to organic; movement
of Carbon through the ecosystem.
• Greenhouse effect: when atmospheric
CO2 rises, trapping heat within the
Earth’s atmosphere causing the global
climate to be warm enough for life (the
temp is rising).
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• Primary Production - The conversion of
inorganic carbon, usually in the form of
carbon dioxide, into organic compounds
by autotrophs.
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A http://amoebasisters.tumblr.com/post/152737982341/a-little-science-funny-to-help-keep-photosynthesis?is_related_post=1
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Click on link to review:
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/bio_animatio
ns/02_MH_Photosynthesis_Web/index.ht
ml
THE END!
1/12/2017
Template copyright 2005 www.brainybetty.com
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This slide show was developed by Dana Halloran,
Cardinal Mooney High School, Sarasota, FL.
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Used with her personal permission,
adapted and amended by Rosa Whiting,
Manatee School for the Arts, Palmetto, FL.