Download 5. Stem Cells

MQ #1
Cells
When? TBA
Intro to cells
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA
Objectives for CTOS, Part 1:
Students will be able to
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Explain how human cells are like “many mini me’s” (ex. digestion, reproduction,
locomotion, respiration, etc.)
Summarize the theory of apoptosis, and how its effects differ from cellular
necrosis, especially in regard to inflammation.
Explain how RBCs, WBCs and platelets are alike & different.
Describe what is needed for the reproduction of bacteria & viruses.
Explain how stem cells affect us in everyday life, as well as in scientific research.
Outline the special properties of ova & sperm.
>100 trillion cells/human body
Are our body cells all alike?
>200 types of cells/human body
• Vary in
– size,
– shape &
– function
Cells are…
Our basic building
blocks
Cells…
• Breathe
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respiration
O2 in,
CO2 out
BLOODSTREAM
Cells…
• Digest
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food in
absorb nutrients
Ex: Pro, Carbs, Fats, V&M
excrete waste
BLOODSTREAM
To kidneys >> urine
What is transported in our blood?
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O2
CO2
Hormones
Nutrients
Sugars
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Cell wastes
Electrolytes (salts)
Water
RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets
Etc.
Cells…
• Create energy
– metabolism
Cells…
• Move
– locomotion
Cells…
• Make new cells
– reproduce
– mitosis
Cells…
• Make us unique
• ALL our cells (except eggs &
sperm) have the EXACT same DNA
+ 23 pairs of chromosomes
– DNA
– Genes
– Chromosomes
Cells…
Sound alarm when an invader is located
Eat invaders
Make insulin
Allow movement
Send electrical signals
Help blood clot
Make bile
Make hormones
Contract, beat
Allow smell, hear, sight, etc
Carry O2
Build bone
Produce HCl
Make mucus
Store glucose
BW Careers: MLT
Medical Laboratory Technician
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiiw2WVG-FY
Cells…
• Live & die
– Apoptosis (programmed cell
death, cell suicide)
– Genetically pre-determined
Normal human cells die out after dividing a number
of times, even when kept alive in ideal laboratory
nutrient conditions.
But some cancer cells and virus-infected cells can be
"immortal" and divide indefinitely.
Cells die in 2 ways
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1. Apoptosis (normal) does
NOT >>> inflammation
2. Cellular necrosis (damage)
DOES > inflammation
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Silently, read handout to yourself.
• Mrs. L to read handout aloud.
1. Red Blood Cells (aka erythrocytes & RBC’s)
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Carry O2 to all other cells
O2 makes RBC’s erythro
Made in bone marrow
Live ≈ 4 months
Re-cycled in the spleen
Fe > Hgb > red RBC’s
Low RBCs/Fe/Hgb >>>>> anemia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZV5140OykE
2. White Blood Cells (aka leukocytes or WBC’s))
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ID’s & Fights body invaders (???)
Made in bone marrow
Live 4 days (MAX!)
Normal: 4-10K
BM can adjust # made
Hyper # indicates _______
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWwNOU29Ud8
https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=white+blood+cells+and+infection&tbm=vid
3. Platelets (aka thrombocytes)
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Help blood clot by ‘sticking’ together 
Made in bone marrow
Live ≈ 10 days
Older folks >>> platelets more sticky >>>bad clots 
Too few >>> excessive bleeding
‘Blood thinners’ (ex. ASA, makes less sticky)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuAmPbbH11g
4. Bacteria
• AKA germs, micro-organisms, microbes
• EXAMPLES: E. Coli, staph, strep, MRSA, H. Pylori
• Many useful fxns
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(yogurt, intestines, decomposition, beer)
4. Bacteria
• WHERE MADE: everywhere, but most prefer places
that are Warm, Moist, Dark w/ Food (WMDF)
• 15-20 minutes
• flora
• Pathogens
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICWLF9lccNk
(yogurt, intestines, decomposition, beer)
4. Bacteria
• Antibiotics kill BACTERIA (only!)
• Antibiotic resistance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDhAg5m8Fyw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQIDNdSMkQM&feature=related
(yogurt, intestines, decomposition, beer)
Triclosan
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In CTOS, label a page TRICLOSAN
Let’s read
List at least 7 important things
Afterward, will ask for 10 ‘volunteers’ to ID 1
fact. Must be different from everyone else
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/five-reasons-why-you-shouldprobably-stop-using-antibacterial-soap-180948078/?no-ist
5. Stem Cells
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Fetuses
Abortions
Stem cells
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPulEAryPO0&feature=related
5. Stem Cells
• WHAT ARE THEY? Special, non-specific cells
with the ability to develop into specific types
of cells
• FXNS: To differentiate into many types of cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPulEAryPO0&feature=related
5. Stem Cells
• WHERE MADE: embryos, umbilical cord, bone marrow
• HOPE FOR THE FUTURE: Medical research as
cure/treatment for many diseases
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEB8656TCIE
BM Transplants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIy2nMnuGGI
6. Eggs & sperm
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Eggs aka ova
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Fxn: make baby
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Ripen in OVARIES
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estrogen
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Live 24 hrs p ‘hatching’
EACH egg 23 chromosomes •
XX = female
Sperm: no AKA
Fxn: make baby
MADE in testicles
testosterone
Live 3-5 days inside female
EACH sperm 23 chromosomes
XY = male
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAWCrn2rwxY
boy meets girl
cytology
• Cytology = the study of cells
• Cytologist = person who studies cells
How our cells respond to injury?
http://study.com/academy/lesson/how-a-cellrecognizes-an-injury.html
These physical or
chemical insults can
lead to the lethal
disruption of cell
structure and activity
As necrotic cells begin to die,
they swell – holes appear in
the plasma membrane and
intracellular materials spill out
into the surrounding
environment.
This, in turn, can lead to
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
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1. Aging (60+)
• 30% fewer cells
• Slowed cell division
• Cells less efficient (why meds can be tricky)
2. RADIATION – high doses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8vr27plZs
• What is RADON?
2. RADIATION – high doses
• Lower # of WBC’s
• Digestive problems: N/V, diarrhea, poor absorption
• Reproductive problems (birth defects)
2. RADIATION (high doses) leads to
• Genetic mutations
• Cancer formation (cells become confused & reproduce too
rapidly…this is cancer!)
• At extremely high doses, radiation is used to kill cancer cells,
by basically cooking a cell from the inside out.
3. FREE RADICALS 
Watch video & answer these ?s
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Free radicals are ______
3 things that cause FR’s are: ___
“Oxidative stress” occurs when _____
Antioxidants  help by ___________
3 anti-oxidant foods are 1___ 2___ 3___
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTBz9ipkWhE&feature=related
4. Viruses
Remember???
• HIV
• HPV
• HBV/HCV
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ
4. Bad habits
• Smoking, ETOH, drugs, junk foods
• Increase free radicals
• Damage our cells