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Introduction to Poetry “Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty in words.” - Edgar Allan Poe POETRY: A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings or tells a story in a specific form. FORM - the appearance of the words on the page Stanza - a group of lines arranged together MOOD and TONE MOOD - the emotions that the words of a poem evoke in a reader TONE - the attitude a poet takes towards a subject or character. ● “Her delicate, dead fingers laid lightly on the hem of her prom dress.” serious, humorous, sarcastic, ironic, satirical, solemn “The overweight politician stood in front of the courtroom stumbling through his speech, more worried about his appearance than anything else.” RHYME AND NEAR RHYME RHYME - words share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds EXAMPLE: LAMP STAMP NEAR RHYME - similar but not identical ending sounds; vowels or consonants are not the same EXAMPLES: DESPAIR PLACE SHARED DAZE EXTERNAL/END RHYME External/End Rhyme: words rhyme at the end of lines in a poem Hector the collector collected bits of string Collected dolls with broken heads And rusty bells that would not ring. INTERNAL RHYME INTERNAL RHYME - is rhyming that happens WITHIN a line. My sad cat was actually mad, With her wire whiskers, as orange as fire. Fire and Ice by Robert Frost RHYME SCHEME: a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always) in a poem. Alphabet shows scheme. Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I’ve tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. Onomatopoeia words that imitate the sound that are making Alliteration The repetition of beginning sounds in neighboring words. Examples: The sweet smell of success. The building was bigger and better. Consonance repeated CONSONANT sounds appearing anywhere in a word Example (from Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven): “There came a tapping, as of someone gently rapping - rapping on my chamber door.” Assonance repeated VOWEL sounds appearing anywhere in a word Example (The Bells by Edgar Allan Poe): Hear the mellow wedding bells Example (Shakespeare) : “Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.” ● THE COZY BLANKET FELL AROUND ME AS I GAZED OUT THE WINDOW AT THE WINTER WONDERLAND. ● THE SOUND OF SCREECHING TIRES AND BREAKING GLASS PIERCED MY EARS. Connotation: an idea or feeling that word creates in the mind of a reader REFRAIN: a sound, word, phrase or line that is repeated regularly in a poem. “Quoth the raven, Nevermore.” - E. A. Poe