Download SYNTAX KEYS TO THE EXERCISES 15

SYNTAX 1 KEYS TO THE EXERCISES Exercise 15 1. Full‐size mammoths / probably / swam / to the Channel Islands / in the Ice Ace. S A P A A 2. In those days / the sea level / was / lower. A S P SA 3. The European empire‐building expeditions of the 16th and 17th centuries / heralded / S P the beginning of the end for thousands of languages in North and South America. DO 4. English / is becoming / more and more important / as the language of business, science and p.c. S P SA A 5. Among the Krenak in southeastern Brazil, / only a handful of elders among the 70 or so A S Tribesmen / still / speak / their mother tongue. A P DO 6. Up until the 1950s, / Catholic missionaries/ forbade/ them / to speak their own language. A S P IO DO 7. Henrikh Henrikhovich M, a Russian anthropologist, / trekked / across Brazil / at the turn of the century. S P A A 8. In his last speech / he / described / his defeated opponent Eileen Pembridge / A S P DO as "the most dangerous woman in Britain". OA Exercise 17 1. Yuri was helplessly swept along like a rag doll for hundreds of yards until he reached our raft. noun auxiliary adverb lexical verb adverb preposition ind. article noun noun preposition noun preposition noun sub. conj. pers. pron. lexical verb poss. pron. noun 2. This was the team’s final outing of the year because some Siberian rivers would soon be frozen. dem. pron. copula def. article noun adjective noun preposition def. article noun sub. conj. ind. pron. adjective noun auxiliary adverb copula adjective Exercise 18 Analyse the following sentences: 1. Rain / fell / on the coast of British Columbia / for four days. S P A A 2. Many people / call / fresh water / the coming crisis of the 1990s. S P DO OA 3. The mahout / loudly / ordered / his elephant / to pick up the bottle with its trunk. S A P IO DO 4. Why / had / the tigress / become / so furious / so fast? A P S P SA A 5. All around us / there / were / already / the morning sounds of peacocks, jungle fowl and m. A provS P A S 6. Ahead of us / we / could / just / make out / a broad stretch of swampy grassland. A S P A P DO 7. The 268 square miles of B. National Park in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh / S were / once / the royal hunting grounds of the maharajas of Rewa. P A SA 8. The bones and other body parts of the tigers / were smuggled / out of India / S P A to supply the manufacturers of Chinese traditional medicines. A Exercise 19 1. fell lex Æ intransitive finite 2. call lex Æ complex transitive finite 3. ordered lex Æ ditransitive finite 4. had auxiliary finite become copula non‐finite past participle 5. were lex Æ intransitive finite 6. could auxiliary finite make out lex Æ monotransitive (multi‐word verb) non‐finite infinitve 7. were copula finite Exercise 20 1. At the beginning of this century / there / were / probably / over 100,000 wild tigers/ A provS P A real S throughout Africa. A 2. The tiger / could become / extinct / in the wild / before the year 2000. S P SA A A 3. In 1840 / Queen Victoria / granted / the SPCA / the right to use its "Royal" prefix. A S P IO DO 4. In 1911 / the RSPCA / claimed / much of the credit for the Protection of Animals Act. A S P DO 5. Some time ago / the National Lottery Charities Board / appointed / Timothy Hearst / A S P DO as chief executive. OA 6. One of the wedding guests, a local businessman, / led / us / to an outdoor pavilion on the S P DO A edge of the town. 7. The Whitman family / moved / to Brooklyn / just a few days before Walt's fourth birthday. S P A A Exercise 21 1. were (finite) Æ copula 2. could (finite) Æ auxiliary become (non‐finite, infinitive*) Æ copula 3. granted (finite) Æ lexical, ditransitive(DO/IO + BO) 4. claimed (finite) Æ lexical, monotransitive 5. appointed (finite) Æ lexical, ditransitive(DO/IO + BO) 6. led (finite) Æ lexical, monotransitive 7. moved (finite) Æ lexical, intransitive *Mind: non‐finite verbs can also be realised by past participles or present participles. Exercise 22 1. This method to cure baldness works without the use of herbs, lotions, etc. dem .pron prep. def.art. noun 2. Some of those old buildings there are houses with an easily readable ind.pron/quant. adv. copula ind.art. adv. adj. past. noun Additional exercises: Exercise 23 Analyse the following sentences into elements 1. This yoghurt / has turned / green! S P SA 2. The shopkeeper / closed / his shop / a little earlier / that day. S P DO A A 3. Lester Lee / considers / his Labrador / the most intelligent dog in the world. S P DO OA 4. All the witnesses of the accident / told / the police / the same story. S P IO DO 5. Her son / bought / her / a raincoat / for her holiday in Scotland. S P BO DO A 6. Templer's habitual carelessness / gave / Le Bas / the long‐awaited opportunity. S P IO DO 7. The governess / had / never / seen / her pupils / so naughty. S P A P DO OA 8. Through his magnifying glass / he / looked / very intently / at / the curious stain. A S P A P DO 8. In her new overcoat / Mrs Warp / seemed / a different person. A S P SA 9. The football player / turned down / the French club's offer. S P DO 10. Jimmy's parents / should get / him / a new, longer pair of trousers / soon. S P BO DO A 11. Recently / these windsurfers / have become / a real danger / on the lake. A S P SA A 12. With lamentations such as these / Toad / passed / his days and nights / for several weeks. A S P DO A 13. The teacher / sent / the parents / the latest reports on their children / only last week. S P IO DO A 14. Unfortunately / the new watchman / was / an unreliable chap. A S P SA Exercise 24 Do the following sentences contain a Subject Attribute or a Direct Object? 1. The boys were feeling quite nervous on their first day in school. SA 2. The customer felt the expensive cloth. DO 3. These tinned sardines taste horrible. SA 4. The victim had not tasted the poison in his porridge. DO Exercise 25 1. The / comedian / could / do / some / very / good / imitations. def.art noun aux lex.v ind. adv adj noun pron. 2. Which / of / the / men / secretly / emptied / the / bottle / while / she / ran / to / the / cellar? inter. prep. def. noun adv. lex. def. noun adv. pers. lex. prep. def. noun pron. art. art. pron. art. 3. That / curious / story / that / Brian / has / told / his / friend / is / completely / false. dem. adj. noun rel. noun aux. lex. poss. noun cop. adv. adj. pron. pron. pron. Exercise 26 1. Zij heeft haar vinger ernstig bezeerd met die plotselinge ruk aan het stuur. seriously sudden 2. Hij werd plotseling ernstig bij die plechtige bijeenkomst. suddenly serious solemn 3. We moeten dit voorstel ernstig nemen. seriously 4. Met een ernstige blik in haar ogen nam zij afscheid. serious 5. Ze zullen er ernstig over nadenken; dat hebben ze tenminste plechtig beloofd. seriously solemnly 1.
seriously (adv.) Æ refers to “hurt” which is a verb sudden (adj.) Æ refers to “thug” which is a noun 2.
suddenly (adv.) Æ indicates a moment in time serious (noun)Æ gives a quality of “he” (S) and is SA solemn (adj.) Æ refers to “meeting” which is a noun 3.
seriously (adv.) Æ refers to “take” which is a verb 4.
serious (adj.) Æ refers to “glance” which is a noun 5.
seriously (adv.)Æ refers to “think” which is a verb solemnly (adv.) Æ refers to “promised” which is a verb