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Name ___________________________________ Kingdoms and Domains Outline Period____ The 3 Domains of Life This phylogenetic tree is based on ________ sequences that demonstrate the The Kingdoms of Life • Biologists have _____________ living things into large ________ called ___________ of all living things into _______ broad ______________. __________________. • Biologists group ______________ into six ______________ based on ________ and ________ sequencing and _____________: – Cell _____________ • Organisms are either _______________ or _________________. – Cell ____________ – ____________ Type • Organisms are either ____________ or ________________. – ________________ • Organisms are either ____________ or ________________. The 6 Kingdoms of Life • The ___________ thought to be the oldest is ______________, which is composed of the organisms in the Kingdom _______________. • ___________ is the second _______________ domain and is also composed of single kingdom _________________________. • The third domain, _____________, contains all four of the eukaryotic kingdoms: _____________ (animals), __________ (fungi), __________ (plants), and ____________ (protists). The Domain Bacteria • Contains a single kingdom, _____________________. – Some scientists call this kingdom ______________. • ______________ are _______________ and have no internal ___________. • ____________ are found in practically every _________________ on Earth. Characteristics of Bacteria _______________ have strong exterior ___________________ made of _____________________, a weblike molecule complex made of ____________________ strands crosslinked by short peptide bridges. The Domain Archaea • Contains a single kingdom __________________________________. • Archaebacteria are _______________ that have _____________ very early from ________________. • They are more closely related to ____________ than to ______________. Characteristics of Archaebacteria • Cell _________ and _______________________ – The cell ________ of archaebacteria do ______ contain peptidoglycan, as the cell walls of ______________ do. – Archaebacteria contain __________ very different from those of bacteria or eukaryotes. • _________ Structure and Translation – The ribosomal ______________ of archaebacteria are very similar to Kinds of Bacteria those of _______________ and different from those of ____________. • Bacteria can cause ___________, while others are __________ by humans to process ____________. • Bacteria are used to _____________ agricultural __________, to produce various ___________, and perform _______________ engineering. • Some Bacteria obtain ____________ from inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, ______________, and methane. • Some Bacteria are _________________ and are found in ___________ and freshwater ___________________________. • Some _____________________ Bacteria are able to _________ in the absence of _________________. • _________________ Bacteria are also important ____________________. Kinds of Archaebacteria • ____________________ – These archaebacteria obtain ___________ by combining ___________ gas and carbon dioxide to form _______________ gas. – Methanogens live _________ in the mud of ___________ and are poisoned by even traces of _________________. • ____________________ – A group of extremophiles called __________________ lives in very _________ places. – _______________ inhabit very __________ lakes that can be three times as salty as _________________. – Other extremophiles live in very ______________ places or under – Genetic __________________ during meiosis and fertilization causes the _______________ of eukaryotes to vary widely, providing for _________________. enormous ________________. • Nonextreme Archaebacteria – These grow in all the ____________ environments that bacteria do. The Domain Eukarya • Eukarya is made up of _________ kingdoms: – _____________ – _____________ – _____________ – _____________ • Members of this domain are _______________. Characteristics of Eukarya • Highly _______________ Cell ____________ – All eukaryotes have _________ with a _____________ and other internal ___________________. • _________________________ – The activities of _______________ cells are _______________ and the cells themselves are in _____________, occurs only in eukaryotes. • ______________ Reproduction – _____________ cell division forms ___________ games and ______ gametes unite to form a ___________ cell in __________________. Kinds of Eukarya • A wide variety of Eukaryotes are _________________. – _______ unicellular Eukaryotes are in the kingdom ______________. • ___________ contain both _______________ and _______________ organisms, many are ________________. • ____________ are _____________ that are mostly _________________. – Many fungi live on and _______________ dead organisms, many others are _________________. • ___________ and ___________ are all ______________________. – Almost all ____________ are _______________ and have cells with cell ____________ composed of ________________. – All ______________ are ____________ composed of cells that do _______ have cell walls. – Most plants and animals have __________ and ______________. Kingdom and Domain Characteristics Domain Kingdom Multicellularity • _____________ Characteristics – A __________ organism is a group of _______ that are permanently Cell type Cell Structure Body Type Nutrition Example ____________ but do not _______________ with one another. • ______________ Bacteria Enterobacteria Spirochetes – A ______________ collection of _________ that come ____________ for a period of time and then _______________. • True ____________________ – An _______________ composed of __________ cells that are Archaea Methanogens ____________________ associated with one another. – Enables cells to ______________ in different ________________. Eukarya Amoebas Euglenas Kelps • _______________ Multicellularity – _________ and ____________ have _____________ multicellularity. – The __________________ cells of most plants and animals are ________________ into structures called __________ and ________. Eukarya Yeasts Mushrooms Eukarya Ferns Pine trees Eukarya Birds Earthworms