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Name
Class
Date
Ancient lndia
Section 3
MAIN IDEAS
1. Siddhartha Gautama searched for wisdom in many ways.
2. The teachings of Buddhism dealwith finding peace.
3. Buddhism spread far from where it began in lndia.
Keyr'Terms and
People,
.',.
,'meditation 'focusing the mind on spiritual ideas
' ttre Buoohi '',foundel orgudohism, born
Gautama .,'
.
,.
an Indian prince named siddharta
:
Buddhism religion based on the teachings of the Buddha
miSsionaries people who spiead and teach religious beliefs
;Section Summary
SIDDARTHA'S SEARCH FOR WISDOM
Not everyone in India accepted Hinduism. In the
late 500gBC, a major new religion began to
develop from questions posed by a young prince
named Siddhartha Gautama (si-DAHR-tuh GAUtuh-muh). Siddhartha was born to a wealthy family
and led a life of comfort, but he wondered at the
pain and suffering he saw all around him. By the
age of 30, Siddharta left his home and family to
travel India. He talked to many priests and wise
men, but he was not satisfied with their answers.
Siddhartha did not give up. He wandered for
years through the forests trying to free himself from
daily concerns by fasting and meditating. After six
years, Siddhartha sat down under a tree and
meditated for seven weeks. He came up with an
answer to what causes human suffering. Suffering is
caused by wanting what one does not have, wanting
to keep what one likes and already has, and not
wanting what one dislikes but has. He began to
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49
Why did Prince Siddhartha
leave a comfortable home
and loving family?
What did Siddhartha
believe to be the three
causes of suffering?
content are the responsibility ofthe instructor
Guided Reading Workbook
Date
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Section 3, continued
travel and teach his ideas, and was soon called the
Buddha, or "Enlightened One." From his teachings
sprang the religion Buddhism.
TEAGHINGS OF BUDDHISM
Buddhism is intent on relieving human suffering. It
is based upon the Four Noble Truths. These truths
are: Suffering and unhappiness are part oflife;
suffering stems from our desire for pleasure and
What is the name of the
central teachings of
Buddhism?
material goods; people can overcome their desires
and reach nirvana, a state ofperfect peace, which
ends the cycle of reincarnation; and people can
follow an eightfold path to nirvana, overcoming
desire and ignorance.
These teachings were similar to some Hindu
concepts, but went against some traditional Hindu
ideas. Buddhism questioned the need for animal
What is one difference
between Buddhism and
Hinduism?
sacrifice. It also challenged the authority of the
, Brahmins. The Buddha said that each individual
could reach salvation on his or her own. Buddhism
also opposed the caste system.
a
EUDDHISM SPREADS
Buddhism spread quickly throughout India. With
the help of Indian king Asoka, Buddhist
Name three countries to
which Buddhism spread.
missionaries were sent to other countries to teach
their religious beliefs. Buddhism quickly took hold
in neighboring countries like Nepal, Sri Lanka, and
China. Buddhism soon became very influential in
Japan and Korea. In modern times, Buddhism has
become a major global religion.
CHALLENGE ACTIVITY
Critical Thinking: Drawing lnferences Could you
leavq your family, home, and everything you know
to preach what you believe to be a spiritual truth?
What do you think inspired the Buddha to do so?
Write a short essay in which you explain his choice.
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50
Guided Reading Workbook
Date
Class
Section 3, continued
Buddha
Buddhism
fasting
meditation
missionaries
nirvana
DTRECTIONS Answer each question by writing a sentence that
contains at least one word from the word bank.
1. According to Buddhist teachings,
ignorance, they
will
if people
can overcome their desire and
reach what?
2. What did Siddhartha do to free his mind from daily concerns?
3. Who did the king send to spread the religious beliefs of Buddhism?
4. What is the term that means "Enlightened One?"
5. What is the
religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama?
DIRECTIONS On the line provided before each statement, write T if a
statement is true and F if a statement is false. If the statement is false,
write the correct term on the line after each sentence that makes the
sentence a true statement.
6. The Buddha was opposed to the caste system and taught that anyone could
achieve meditation no matter what caste they had belonged to in life.
7. Buddhism split into two major branches called Theravada and Mahayana.
8. Nirvana traveled throughout Asia, eventually spreading Buddhism to
China, Korea, and Japan.
ofthe instructor
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Guided Reading Workbook
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Ancient lndia
Section 4
MAIN IDEAS
1. The Mauryan Empire unified most
of lndia.
2. Gupta rulers promoted Hinduism in
their empire.
'candraguPta'Maurya
Mauryan Empire
'inoian
miti
leader who first unified India,and,fouhdedrth;
srrv rvurrvvu LrIs
.Asoka-Candfaguptali grandson and last ruler
ire.,, ,,,,, ,,,,r,.,,.
'CandraiGupta'ti:,iulei.*hO fiought,@p*rperiry and,stabititlr
to tnO i.s1,. ,,;, ,. .: .: :,,
of,the'Ma@
:
Section Summary
MAURYAN EMPIRE UNIFIES INDIA
Under Aryan rule, India was divided
into several
states with no central leader. Then,
during the 300s
BC, an Indian military leader named
Candragupta
Maurya Jeized control of the entire northem
part of
India. The Mauryan Empire lasted for
150 years.
Candragupta,s complex government
included a
huge army and a network of spies.
He taxed the
nopulation heavily for the protection he offered.
Eventually, Candragupta became a Jainist
monk and
gave up his throne to his son. His family
continued
to expand the Indian empire.
Candragupta,s grandson, Asoka, was
the
strongest ruler of the Mauryan dynasty.
The empire
thrived under his rule. But eventually,
tired of
bloodshed and war, Asoka converted
to Buddhism.
He sent Buddhist missionaries to other
countries
and devoted the rest of his rule to
improving the
lives of his people. The rest of the family,
however,
did not follow Asoka,s example. When
Asoka died,
his sons struggled for power and foreign
invaders
Which lndian leader unified
northern lndia in the 300s
BC?
What is the relationship
between Candragupta's
government and heavy
taxes?
MiIIlin Hacourt
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Date
Section 4, continued
threatened the country. The Mauryan Empire
fell in
184 BC India remained divided
for about 500 years.
The spread of Buddhism steadily increased, while
Hinduism declined.
GUPTA RULERS PROMOTE HINDUISM
A new dynasty was established in India. During the
300s AD, the Gupta Dynasty once again rose to
unite and build the prosperity of India. Not only did
the Guptas control India,s military, they were
devout Hindus and encouraged the revival of Hindu
traditions and writings. The Guptas, however, also
How did lndia's
government change after
the death of Asoka?
Which dynasty reunited
lndia and revived Hindu
traditions?
supported Jainism and Buddhism.
Indian civilization reached a high point under
Candra Gupta II (not related to Candragupta
Maurya). He poured money and resources into
strengthening the country,s borders, as well as
promoting the arts, literature, and religion.
. The Gupta Dynasty lasted until fierce attacks by
{he Huns from Central Asia during the 400s drained
the empire of its resources. India broke up once
again into a patchwork of small states.
a
CHALLENGE ACTIVITY
Critical Thinking: Drawing lnferences Asoka
was strongly influenced by Buddhism. Candra
Gupta II followed Hinduism. Choose one of these
,
kings and write an essay explaining how his religion
affected his point of view and his decisions during
,his reign.
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53
nal content de the
ofthe instructor
Guided Reading Workbook
Name
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Date
Section 4, continued
Asoka
Gupta Dynasty
CandraGupta
II
Candragupta Maurya
Huns
DlREcrloNS
Read each sentence and fill in the blank with the word
in the word pair that best completes the sentence.
l.
Under Emperor
Gupta society stretched all the way
across northern India. The empireos economy strengthened and people prospered.
(Candra Gupta lllCandragupta Mau rya)
2.
was a strong ruler who conquered other kingdoms
and made his own empire both stronger and richer. Later,he converted to
Buddhism and swore that he would not fight any more wars. (Asoka/Huns)
3. The Mauryan Empire was founded by
who ruled
with a complex government that included a network of spies and a huge army.
(Candra Gupta IllCandragupta Maurya)
* 4. When the
flrom Central Asia invaded India. it led to
the end of the Gupta Dynasty. (Asoka/Huns)
5. Under the
Hinduism became popular again, but the
rulers also supported Buddhism and Jainism. (Gupta Dynasty/Huns)
DIREGTIONS use the vocabulary words from the word list to write a
summary of the section.
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Guided Reading Workbook
Name
Class
Ancient lndia
Vocabulary Builder
Section I
DIRECTIONS Write a word or phrase that has the same meaning as the
term given.
l.
monsoon
2. Sanskrit
5. subcontinent
DlREcrloNS Read each sentence and fill in the blank with the word in
the word pair that best completes the sentence.
4. The
was India's first civilization.
(Atyurs/Harappancivilization)
_
5. Ancient writings known as the
are collections
of
poems, hymns, myths, and rituals. (Vedas/Sanskrit)
6.
The
'
which are located in northern India, are the
highest mountains in the world. (rajalHimalayas)
of each village was given the title of
(Vedas/raja)
7. The leader
8. The
were invaders from Central Asia who may have
helped end the
(Aryans/Harappan civilization)
;
(Aryans/Harappan civilization)
9.
was the language of the
(Vedas/Sanskrit); (Aryans/Harappan civilization)
t0. A
is usually separated from the rest of the continent
by physical features, such as mountains. (monsoon/subcontinent)
I
l. In the summer
winds blow into India from the ocean,
bringing heavy rains that can cause terrible floods. (monsoon/subcontinent)
Copyright
@ by
Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved
Ancient lndia
Name
Class
Ancient lndia
Date
Vocabulary Builder
Section 2
on the line provided before each statement, write T if a
is true and F if a statement is false. If the statement is false,
DIRECTIONS
statement
write the correct term on the line after each sentence that makes the
sentence a true statement.
l. The force created by a person's actions
is called karma.
2. The Iainism divided the Indian society into groups based on rank, wealth,
and occupation.
5. Hinduism is based on four major principles: Injure no life, tell the truth,
do not steal, and own no property.
4. Brahma the creator, siva the Destroyer, and vishnu the preserver are the
three major gods of Hinduism, the largest religion in India Society.
5. Nonviolence is the avoidance of violent actions, which was practiced by
'
the Jains.
6. Hindus believe that souls are born and reborn many times, each time into
a new body, which is a process called reincarnation.
7. According
to Hindu teachings, everyone has a soul, or atman, inside them.
8. Hinduism is based on the teachings of a man named Mahavira.
9. Hindus believe that a person's ultimate goal should be to reunite their soul
with karma, the universal spirit.
@ by
Holt, Rinehart and Winston
Ancient lndia
Date
Class
Name
Vocabulary Builder
Ancient lndia
Section 5
the Buddha
Buddhism
fasting
meditation
missionaries
nirvana
DTRECTIONS Answer each question by
writing
a sentence
that contains
at least one word from the word bank.
l. According to Buddhist
ignorance, theY
will
teachings,
if people can overcome their desire and
reach what?
2. What did siddhartha do to free his mind from daily concerns?
i.
Who did the king send to spread the religious beliefs of Buddhism?
4. What is the term that means "Enlightened One?"
5.
what is the religion
based on the teachings of siddhartha?
a
DIRECTIONS On the line provided before each statement, write T if
statement is true and. F if a statement is false. If the statement is false,
write the correct term on the line after each sentence that makes the
sentence a true statement.
could
5. The Buddha was opposed to the caste system and taught that anyone
life'
achieve meditation no matter what caste they had belonged to in
7.
Buddhism split into two major branches called Theravada and Mahayana'
8. Nirvana traveled throughout Asia, eventually spreading Buddhism to
China, Korea, and |aPan.
t o by Holt, Rinehart and Winston' All