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Cold War Origins: 1945-1962 Cold War Origins • Tehran (Iran) Conference, December 1943 – 1st meeting of the “Big Three” – Stalin DEMANDS that the Allies open a Westen Front (invade France) – Ethnic and political boundaries of Yugoslavia and Turkey are discussed Cold War Origins • Yalta, February, 1945 – Unconditional surrender of Germany/Japan – Poland in question- USSR promises free democratic elections – Partition of Germany- 4 zones controlled by allied powers – German reparations? Post War Economic Security • The Bretton-Woods Conference • Summer 1944: 44 allied nations meet in NH • Set up the IMF (International Monetary fund), the World Bank, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) • Set up a foreign currency exchange standard Post War Economic Security: The Goals of Bretton-Woods • To aid political stability • To establish a system of exchange rates • All member countries were required to subscribe to the IMF’s capital (U.S. currency becomes the standard) • To lower barriers to trade and ease the movement of capital Cold War Origins: Basic Questions • Read Henretta 783-790. Stop before “Containment Militarized: NSC-68”. • What were the major post-war disagreements or tensions that led to the Cold War? • What was the goal of the Marshall Plan, and why did it enjoy bipartisan support? • What were the two defense agreements that solidified early Cold War alignments? For Tomorrow: • Read Henretta 791-794 from “Containment in Asia” to “Impact of the Korean War” • Take notes! – Why do we focus on Japan instead of China? – What about the U.N. and China? – Impact of the Korean War on U.S. Foreign Policy? Key Players in the early days of the Cold War • George Kennan – U.S. State Department employee – Originator of “Containment” of Soviets – Critic of NSC-68, McCarthyism, Vietnam conflict • John Foster Dulles – Secretary of State under Eisenhower (‘52-’59) – Containment is not enough, advocated for “rollback” Key Players in the early days of the Cold War • Vyacheslav Molotov – Soviet politician/advisor, protégé of Stalin – USSR Minister of Foreign Affairs 1939-1949 – Negotiated for Soviets at many conferences at the end of WWII (Tehran, Yalta, etc…) – Opposed Marshall Plan, Consolidated Soviet power in Eastern Europe