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cardiovascular system The body system that consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood; also called the circulatory system. ventricle heart A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. valve atrium Each of 2 upper chambers of the heart that receives blood that comes into the heart. pacemaker Each of the 2 lower chambers of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart. artery A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. A flap of tissue in the heart or a vein that prevents blood from flowing backward. capillary A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells. A group of cells located in the right atrium that sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract and that regulates heart rate. vein A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. aorta The largest artery in the body; receives blood from the left ventricle. diffusion coronary artery An artery that supplies blood to the heart itself. blood pressure pulse The alternating expansion and relaxation of an artery wall as blood travels through an artery. plasma The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels. The liquid part of blood. red blood cell A cell in the blood that takes up oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to cells elsewhere in the body. hemoglobin An iron-containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molecules; makes up most of the red blood cells. white blood cell A blood cell that fights disease. platelet A cell fragment that plays an important part in forming blood clots. lymph node lymphatic system A network of veinlike vessels that returns the fluid that leaks out of blood vessels to the bloodstream. atherosclerosis lymph The fluid that the lymphatic system collects and returns to the bloodstream. heart attack A small knob of tissue in the lymphatic system that filters lymph, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease. A condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the buildup of fatty materials. hypertension A disorder in which a person’s blood pressure is consistently higher than normal; also called high blood pressure. A condition in which blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing heart cells to die. HUMAN BIOLOGY AND HEALTH CHAPTER 3 SECTIONS 3.1-3.4 FLASHCARDS