Download Final Exam Study Guide Terms Constantinople Republic Confucius

Final Exam Study Guide
Terms
Constantinople
Swahili
Republic
Paul
Confucius
Islam
Justinian
Muhammad
Mercenaries
Mecca
Marco Polo
Kamikaze
Shogun
Pax Mongolica
Samurai
Columbian Exchange
Kublai Khan
Mercantilism
Genghis Khan
Tables, Maps, Graphs, Charts
Population by Continent
(1.) The definition of “population density” is the average number of people per square mile or square
kilometer. If you recognize that Africa's land area is just slightly larger than North America's land area,
and it's about three times as large as Europe's land area. What conclusions can you draw about
North America's and Europe’s population densities in comparison with Africa's population
density?
Analyzing Climographs (Line & Bar Graphs)
(2.) Climate consists of a region's long-term patterns in temperature and precipitation. A climograph
shows the monthly average temperatures and precipitations for a particular location in order to measure
it's annual climate patterns. Examine the use of both a line graph and a bar graph to distinguish
between these two climate factors (hint: pay attention to the graph's footnote). Compare the
temperature and precipitation patterns of these three cities. Compare their relative evenness versus
variance throughout the year.
Analyzing a Table of Data: Population, Wealth, and Literacy for Four Countries
Costa Rica
Guatemala
Belize
Panama
Population
3,600,000
12,000,000
200,000
2,700,000
Infant Mortality Rate 13
48
32
24
(per 1,000 births)
Per Capita GDP*
$7,100
$3,900
$2,830
$7,600
Literacy Rate
95%
56%
93%
91%
Source: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2001; CIA World Factbook, 2001.
*Gross Domestic Product in U.S. dollars
(3.) Quality of life (i.e., standard of living, human development, etc.) can be measured using a variety
of statistical factors. The above table uses four variables to get a general picture of the quality of life in
one region of the world, Central America. Compare each the statistical measures in order to recognize
the relationship among these variables—for example, What is the relationship of literacy rate to
GDP percapita, of literacy rate to infant mortality rate? Are there any exceptions to these
relationships? Which nation has the best quality of life for its population as evidenced by the
data in the table?
Analyzing Political Maps
(4.) Compare the two maps. Describe the differences in each map's scale. How does the scale
impact the accuracy of measurements on the maps?
Map of Russia
(5.) Use the map above to practice latitude and longitude addresses for various cities.
Murmansk
Moscow
Volgograd
Magadan
Irkulsk
Omsk
Provideniva
Cause-Effect Relationships
Climate changes gradually over time. During the last one to two million years, for example, the earth
passed through four eras when large areas were covered with glaciers.
Geographers have developed several possible explanations for what caused glacial eras in history. One
explanation is that variations in the sun’s output of energy and in the earth’s orbit may have caused our world to
absorb less solar energy and to cool off.
Another hypothesis, or scientific explanation, suggests that volcanic activity over long periods of time
released massive amounts of dust into the atmosphere, which might have had a cooling effect. The volcanic dust
reflected sunlight into space, thus preventing the earth from being warmed.
Geographers also believe that human activities today cause changes in the world’s climates. Particles in
smoke from the burning of fossil fuels may stay in the air for years, scattering the sun’s rays. Less sunlight
reaches the ground so temperatures are lower.
Another effect of burning fossil fuels is the release of carbon dioxide. This gas allows sunlight to reach
the ground but prevents some surface heat from leaving the atmosphere. This causes temperatures near the
earth’s surface to rise--a greenhouse effect. Also, gases produced by burning fossil fuels mix with water in the
air and form acids. These damaging acids fall in rain and snow.
Exhaust from automobiles helps create smog, a haze caused when sunlight strikes airborne particles.
Smog endangers people’s health.
(6.) Compare the natural versus human-caused changes to the earth's climate.
(7.) Read the excerpt about the Boston Massacre. Which phrases in the document provide the best
evidence of the writer's bias?
Questions
1. What two geographic factors helped form the Silk Road?
2. What nomadic people migrated and settled the Valley of Mexico?
Making Comparisons
The Aztec empire was ruled by a single emperor. Below him, nobles served as officials, judges, and governors of
conquered provinces. Below the nobles were warriors. Priests were in a separate class. A council of nobles,
priests, and military leaders elected the emperor whose main function was to lead in war. The Maya did not
develop an empire. Unlike the Aztecs, the Maya civilization was made up of independent city-states each with its
own king.
3. What are three theories that explain the decline of the Mayan's.
4. Why did the Inca develop a network of roads?
5. How was the Aztec government different from the Mayan?
6. What resource greatly aided the rise of the Kingdom of Ghana?
7. What is Justinian's most important achievement?
8. Why is Constantinople’s location so important?
9. What were the two types of Christianity after the Great Schism and where were they found?
10. What helped cause the decline of the Byzantine Empire?
11. What caused the Great Schism?
12. What did Diocletian do to restore order to the Roman Empire?
13. In regards to Christianity, what change did Constantine make?
14. What are three key causes of the fall of the Roman Empire?
15. What are the five pillars of Islam?
16. How were conquered people treated by the Muslim Empires?
17. What do Suleyman the Lawgiver and Akbar have in common?
18. Why is there a split in the Muslim faith after Muhammad dies?
19. Why is Jerusalem a holy place to Muslims?
20. What was the purpose of the Crusades?
21. Large increases in wages and prices throughout Europe occurred because of this?
22. What were some reasons for the decline The Middle Ages?
23. What are the levels of Feudalism?
24. How was Genghis Khan a successful conqueror?
25. What was the largest unified land empire in history?
26. What are three reasons of European global exploration?
27. Why is Portugal a leader in oceanic exploration?
28. Why did Portugal seek a direct sea route to Asia?
29. What lands in the America's did Portugal gain because of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
30. What effect did the lack of exploration into Africa's interior have on the Portuguese?
31. How would Spain benefit from sending Magellan around the world?
32. What does mercantilism attempt to do?
Maps
Major World Regions
-Europe
-East Asia
-Middle East
-Sub-Saharan Africa
-Russian & the Caucasus
Mountain Ranges
-Andes
-Alps
-Himalayas
-Iranian Plateau
-Ural
Major Rivers
-Nile
-Huang-He (Yellow)
-Amazon
-Euphrates
-Indus
Major Bodies of Water
-Mediterranean Sea
-Atlantic Ocean
-Arabian Sea
-Caribbean Sea
-Pacific Ocean
Christian and Muslim Lands in 1096
-Constantinople
-Jerusalem
-Rome
-Holy Roman Empire
-Byzantine Empire
European Claims in the Americas 1700
-New France
-Viceroyalty of new Spain (Mexico)
-Portuguese Brazil
-English Colonies
-Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru