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Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Edusmart Note-taking Guide
Igneous Rocks
erosion, intrusive, coarse, finely, three, topmost, large, small, fire, formed, obsidian, igneous, granite,
countertops, magma, minerals, molten, buildings, millions, extrusive, glassy, lava
Rocks are made of different ____________ and are also formed and shaped by the Earth differently.
Based on how they ____________, rocks are categorized into one of ____________ groups. The
three main types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
The rock formation seen here at Enchanted Rock is ____________, a type of igneous rock. Igneous
rocks, named after the Latin word for ____________, are formed when ____________ rock cools.
Rocks and rock material such as soil, sand, and clay make up Earth’s ____________ layer.
When molten rock, or ____________, cools and hardens below Earth’s surface, ____________
igneous rock forms. Intrusive rock is generally ____________ grained and includes ____________
mineral crystals.
Granite is a common, hard type of intrusive ____________ rock. It is extensively used in
____________ and monuments. It is also popularly used as kitchen ____________.
Sometimes, after ____________ of years, intrusive rocks are exposed on Earth’s surface through
processes such as mountain-building and ____________.
____________ igneous rocks are formed when magma reaches Earth’s surface as ____________ and
cools quickly. These rocks are usually ____________ grained with ____________ mineral crystals,
like pumice.
Black, shiny ____________, another type of extrusive igneous rock with a ____________ texture, is
sometimes used to make jewelry.
Sedimentary Rocks
chemical, deposition, eroded, electricity, decreases, shale, together, coal, cementation, sedimentary,
clastic, sandstone, compaction, weathering, moving water, layer by layer, sedimentary rocks,
nonclastic, carbon, high, dissolved, sea
____________ rock begins forming when rocks are broken down into tiny pieces through a process
called ____________.
Tiny particles in the form of pebbles, sand, or clay, are ____________ or carried away by wind,
____________, or ice.
As the speed of flowing water ____________, the sediments settle down in a process called
____________.
Sediments are deposited ____________ over thousands of years. The combined weight of the many
layers of built-up sediment squeezes the particles ____________ in a process called ____________.
Dissolved minerals get deposited in the spaces between the sediment layers and bind them securely
together. This process is called ____________.
____________ are formed over millions of years through the process of weathering, erosion,
deposition, compaction, and cementation.
Sedimentary rocks, made up of smaller pieces of rocks, are called ____________ sedimentary rocks.
____________ and shale are some common types of clastic sedimentary rocks. Sandstone is used in
buildings and ____________ is used in making ceramic tiles.
Coal and limestone are two examples of ____________ rocks. When plant material is compacted
deep underground, organic sedimentary rock, such as coal, forms.
All that remains of the plant material is pure ____________ which is burned to produce
____________ in coal-fired power plants.
____________ sedimentary rocks are formed in the shallow parts of seas and oceans wher the rate
of evaporation is ____________.
As evaporation takes place, water is lost and ____________ minerals, such as calcite, form crystals
which settle on the bottom of the ____________ or lake floor.
Metamorphic Rocks
regional, contact, colliding, transforms, metamorphic, heat, tectonic, contact, limestone
____________ rock forms when the mineral crystals that make up existing rock have been changed
by ____________ and pressure.
____________ plates are large segments of the Earth’s topmost layer, the crust. All along these
boundaries, the ____________ plates squeeze rock with great force, under conditions of high heat.
When a large area is transformed into metamorphic rock, the area undergoes ____________
metamorphosis. For example, ____________ changes to marble in areas where regional
metamorphosis is taking place.
____________ metamorphism occurs when the heat coming from a region of magma under the
Earth’s crust, ____________ the surrounding rock into metamorphic rock.
Rock Cycle
igneous, weathering, cool, pressure, sedimentary, sediments, magma, cementation, metamorphic,
change, recycling, igneous rock
Igneous rocks can be transformed into ____________ and then back again into igneous rock.
____________ and erosion can also act on igneous rock to break it down to form ____________
rock after deposition, compaction, and cementation of the sedimentary layers.
____________ rock can be transformed into metamorphic rock under certain conditions of high
____________ and heat.
Sedimentary rock can be transformed into ____________ rock under conditions of high heat and
pressure.
Sedimentary rock can also melt into magma, and then cool to form ____________. Sedimentary
rocks break down into ____________ due to weathering and erosion and form sedimentary rock
again.
Metamorphic rock can also melt to become magma and then ____________ and harden into igneous
rock. They could also weather and erode into sediments which could then undergo deposition,
compaction, and ____________ to form sedimentary rock.
Heat and pressure can ____________ metamorphic rock into metamorphic rock again.
This continuous transformation and ____________ of rock types is called the rock cycle.