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Small Intestine Proudly presented by: - Jason Tan Tse How - Teo Hong Soon - Hoe Feng Yu - Ahmad Tirmuzi - Hazel Ong Li Ying Structure Of Small Intestine o Tube-like structure winds compactly back and forth within the abdominal cavity for about 7 m o Consist of #1 Duodenum #2 Jejunum #3 Ileum o Have finger-like projections known as villi (increase surface area for absorption of nutrients). Function Of Small Intestine o Small intestine breaks down the food mass into smaller molecule, so that they can diffuse through the walls of the intestine and absorbed by the bloodstream. pH Level of Small Intestine • between 8.0 to 8.5 • because the enzymes present in the small intestine work well at a higher optimum pH level Enzymes 6 types of enzymes that break down disaccharides into monosaccharides: • Sucrase breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose • Maltase breaks down maltose into glucose. • Isomaltase, which breaks down maltose • Lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose • Intestinal lipase breaks down fatty acids Enzymes • small intestine receives lipase, trypsin and amylase from the pancreas • transported from the pancreas to the duodenum through the pancreatic duct • Protein, fats and starch are broken down into smaller molecules Enzymes • However, they are not fully broken down yet which causes the enzymes of the small intestine to act upon them • Enzymes include peptidase, which breaks down peptides into amino acids and the enzyme maltase acts upon maltose which produces glucose Enzymes • These molecules are absorbed by the villi in the small intestine and according to they molecule they are either absorbed by the lacteal or blood capillaries Movement Of Food o Food is being pushed down by the wave-like movement of the muscular wall called peristalsis . o As it is carried along, it is subject to the digestive action of the secretions of the intestinal lining as well as to that of bile and Movement Of Food • pancreatic juices which enter the upper intestine (duodenum) from ducts leading from the liver and pancreas. • Food continues to pass into the middle (jejunum) and end (ileum) of the small intestines. #1 Duodenum oFirst part of the Small Intestine. oMixed the food from the stomach with bile from the gall bladder and digestive juices from the pancreas. #2 Jejunum oMiddle part of small intestine oThe passive transport of sugar fructose and the active transport of amino acids, small peptides, vitamins, and most glucose take place here. oThe villi in the jejunum are much longer than in the duodenum or ileum #3 Ileum o Absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum. o Has an extremely large surface area both for the adsorption of enzyme molecules and for the absorption of products of digestion. #3 Ileum • Contain the protease and carbohydrase enzymes (gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin) responsible for the final stages of protein and carbohydrate digestion • The villi contain large numbers of capillaries which take the amino acids and glucose produced by digestion to the hepatic portal vein and the liver. Picture of the Small Intestine Picture of the Small Intestine Picture of Villi Illnesses of the Small Intestine • Duodenal cancer is a cancer in the beginning section of the small intestine. • Relatively rare as compared to stomach cancer and colorectal cancaer Importance of the Small Intestine The small intestine is very important to us because: • Without the small intestine, food that we need will not be able to be absorbed into the body • food that we consume will not be digested completely without the help of the small intestine THE END