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9/8/2015 1 Warm Up: Bullet Point Format List what you think are the best seven inventions in history 2 Confucianism and Its Influence on Han Empire in China Chapter 4 Section 4 and Chapter 7 Section 3 3 Confucianism’s Start Confucius born in 551BCE and lived during the decline of the Zhou Dynasty Led a scholarly life Studied and taught history, music and moral character China full of crisis and violence Wanted to restore order of moral living Believed social order, harmony and good government could be restored if organized around the five basic relationships 4 Confucianism’s Start Cont’d Three of these five relationships were based upon family Stressed the children should practice filal piety Respect their parents and ancestors and devoting them during their lifetime Honor them after death Wanted to reform China by showing rulers how to rule wisely 5 Confucius Ideas about Government Education could transform a humbly born person into a gentleman Laid the groundwork for the creation of a bureaucracy Trained civil service or someone who runs the government Gentleman’s four virtues In private conduct-courteous Serving master-precise Providing needs of the people-gave them more than their due Exacting service from his people-just Education becomes critically important to the career advancement in the bureaucracy 6 Confucius Ideas about Government Not a religion-ethical system Based on accepted principles of right and wrong Foundation of Chinese government and social order 7 The Legalist Qin Fall Civil war after the fall of the Qin Dynasty Warlords wanted to keep their territory Peasants bitter because of high taxation, harsh labor, and severe penal system Xiang Yu Versus Liu Bang Liu Bang won their final battle, 202 BCE declared himself the first emperor of the Han Dynasty 8 Timeline of the Han Dynasty 1 7 The Legalist Qin Fall Civil war after the fall of the Qin Dynasty Warlords wanted to keep their territory Peasants bitter because of high taxation, harsh labor, and severe penal system Xiang Yu Versus Liu Bang Liu Bang won their final battle, 202 BCE declared himself the first emperor of the Han Dynasty 8 9/8/2015 Timeline of the Han Dynasty Han Dynasty ruled for over 400 years Divided into two periods (200 each) First period known as the Former Second period known as the Later 9 Han Restore Unity to China Liu Bang Destroyed rival king’s power Continued policy of centralized government Departed from strict legalism Lowered taxes, softened harsh punishments People appreciated the peace and stability he brought to China The “Martial Emperor” Liu Bang’s great grandson Wudi (141BCE-87BCE) held throne longer than any other Han emperor 10 Warm Up: Complete Sentences 1. Define filal piety. 2. According to Confucius, what are the four virtues of a gentleman (bullet format) 3. What is the ethical system of Confucianism based on? 4. Who claimed himself as the first emperor of the Han Dynasty? 5. List two things that this person did to restore unity to China (bullet format). 11 The Han Expand China’s Borders Tried to bribe fierce nomads (deadly archery skills from horseback) from the northwest Nomads continued raids even after accepting the gifts Wudi eventually defeated them by making allies of their enemies Also colonized Manchuria, Korea, and Vietnam, almost extending the empire to the borders of present day China 12 A Highly Structured Society Emperor believed to have divine authority-people accepted his exercise of power Han Government Complex bureaucracy to help emperor rule and imperial army Very expansive-raised money by levying taxes Chinese peasants owed half their crops to the government Merchants also paid taxes The Road to Success 2 12 A Highly Structured Society 9/8/2015 Emperor believed to have divine authority-people accepted his exercise of power Han Government Complex bureaucracy to help emperor rule and imperial army Very expansive-raised money by levying taxes Chinese peasants owed half their crops to the government Merchants also paid taxes The Road to Success Government employed more than 130,000 people Civil Service Jobs Government jobs-civilians take examination Loyal followers were rewarded with government posts Examination School of Confucianism 13 Han Technology, Commerce and Culture Improvements in education Paper was invented in 105CE Collar harness for horses-pull heavier loads Improved iron tools, invented the wheelbarrow, and used water mills to grind grain Agriculture and commerce both extremely important 60 million people to feed Monopolies of salt, forging of iron, minting coins, and the brewing of alcohol Silk Roads Silk production techniques heavily guarded state secret Expanded from China, through India, all the way to Rome 14 Han unifies Chinese Culture Conquered many lands-different people-different cultures Unification under China rule Government encouraged assimilation Sent Chinese farmers to settle in newly colonized areas Siam Qian (145BCE-85BCE)-recorded Chinese history The role of Women (Wives, Nuns, Scholars) Work at home and in fields Wealthy women-empress, education and culture Nuns gained an education and lead lives apart from their families Some ran shops and others practiced medicine 15 Fall of Han and Their Return Rich vs Poor again... A families land was divided equally among all male heirs Each generation got less & less, production problems, debt, & borrowing at high interest Large land owners not required to pay taxes Land increase-less for government to tax government demands more $$ from small farms 16 Fall of Han and Their Return Cont’d 3 Rich vs Poor again... A families land was divided equally among all male heirs Each generation got less & less, production problems, debt, & borrowing at high interest Large land owners not required to pay taxes Land increase-less for government to tax government demands more $$ from small farms 16 9/8/2015 Fall of Han and Their Return Cont’d Wang Mang overthrows Han Economic turmoil causes...political instability 32BCE-9CE inexperienced emperors ruled causing chaos & peasant revolts Wang Mang regent over infant, crown for himself Minted more money, causing economic problems Assassinated in 23CE The Later Han Years Member of old imperial family takes over Peace restored & the beginning of the second period of the Han was prosperous Same fate as Former Han 4
