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Study Guide: Plate Tectonics 1. What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers? 2. The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are located ____. 17. Earth’s mantle is like... 18. Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock is called a 3. Earth’s inner core is like… 19. The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is one example of 4. The crust and upper mantle make up Earth’s 20. Before lava reaches the surface it is called___. 5. Plates of the lithosphere float on the ___. 21. The boundary between two plates moving together is called a __. 6. What is Pangaea? 22. Seafloor spreading occurs because __. 7. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as 23. Continental drift states that continents have moved __ to their current location. 24. The Great Rift Valley in Africa is a __. 8. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by 25. The Andes mountain range of South America was formed at a ___. 9. The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of 26. Active volcanoes are most likely to form at __. 10. The result of plate movement can be seen at ___. 27. __ are formed when two continental plates collide. 11. The ___ are mountains formed by the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. 28. The __ is (are) an example of a transform boundary. 12. The presence of the same __ on several continents supports the hypothesis of continental drift. 13. The hypothesis that continents have slowly moved to their current locations is called __. 14. According to Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift, 15. Plates move apart at __ boundaries. 16. Plates slide past one another at __. 29. A __ forms where two oceanic plates collide. 30. According to above figure, what type of plate boundary occurs between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate? 31. According to above figure, what type of plate boundary occurs between the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate? 45. Mountains that are formed by volcanoes along a coastline occur at a __ plate boundary. 46. Magma that leaves a volcano’s vent is called ___. Use the diagram below to answer questions 47-51. 32. Earth’s thick plastic-like layer is the __. 33. Plates move together at a(n) __. 34. One plate is forced under another in a(n) __. 35. A(n) _____ is an underwater mountain chain. 36. The main points of evidence for _____ are fossils, rocks, and climate. 37. When continental plates pull apart at a divergent boundary on land, a(n) __ forms. 38. Two of Earth’s plates slip past each other along a __ boundary. 39. Oceanic crust is made up mostly of an igneous rock called __. 40. The lithosphere is broken into sections called __, which float on top of the asthenosphere. 41. The formation of volcanoes and mountain ranges can be explained by the theory of ___. 47. The asthenosphere is part of which layer of Earth? 48. Pressure increases with depth toward the center of Earth. In which layer would you expect pressure to be the greatest? 49. According to the theory of plate tectonics, on which layer do plates float? 50. Which layer is made up the crust and part of the mantle? 51. Overall, which layer is the thickest? Use the diagram below to answer questions 52-56. 42. A continental plate collides with an oceanic plate at an(n) __ boundary. 43. An ocean plate plunges beneath another plate and back into the mantle in a process known as ___. 44. A major volcanic belt known as the ___ circles the Pacific Ocean. 52. Which type of boundary occurs at X? 53. What feature occurs at Y? 54. What is happening at Z? 55. Which type of plate boundary occurs at Y? 56. What feature occurs at X?