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Science Benchmark
Cells are the basic unit of life. All living things are composed of one or more cells that come from
preexisting cells. Cells perform a variety of functions necessary to maintain homeostasis and life. The
structure and function of a cell determines the cell's role in an organism. Living cells are composed of
chemical elements and molecules that form large, complex molecules. These molecules form the basis
for the structure and function of cells.
STANDARD II: Students will understand that all organisms are composed of one or more cells
that are made of molecules, come from preexisting cells, and perform life functions.
Objective 3: Investigate the structure and function of cells and cell parts.
a. Explain how cells divide from existing cells.
c. Describe how the transport of materials in and out of cells enables cells to maintain homeostasis
(i.e., osmosis, diffusion, active transport).
d. Describe the relationship between the organelles in a cell and the functions of that cell.
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Pre-Assessment
SCORE__________
1. What is osmosis?
Post-Assessment
SCORE__________
2. What is the primary difference between passive transport and active transport?
3. What is mitosis?
4. Is mitosis an example of sexual or asexual reproduction?
5. What occurs during the S phase of mitosis?
Match the following phases of mitosis with their picture:
A. Interphase B. Prophase C. Metaphase D. Anaphase E. Telophase
6._____________
7.___________
8.__________ 9.__________
10.___________
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The Cell Membrane
Passive Transport- The
using
of substance through the cell membrane
.
 Diffusion
The
of
concentration.
from area of _________ concentration of areas of
 Osmosis
The
of __________ from areas of ________
concentration through a __________ permeable membrane.
The
of
(amount) of ___________ substances affects the _________
in and out of the cell.
Hypotonic
Solute concentration: ___________
Water concentration: ___________
Water movement: ______________
Effect on cell: _________________
Isotonic
Solute concentration: ___________
Water concentration: ____________
Water movement: ______________
Effect on cell: _________________
Hypertonic
Solute concentration: ___________
Water concentration: ____________
Water movement: ______________
Effect on cell: _________________
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DRAWING OSMOSIS
Directions:
 Use pages 204-205 to draw the images found for figure 7.23-7.25. You do not need to
draw the images of the plant and animal cell.
 Then using your own words describe what is occurring with each image. Make sure to
include where the higher and lower concentration is.
ISOTONIC
Explanation:
Image 7.23
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HYPOTONIC
Explanation:
Image 7.24
HYPERTONIC
Explanation:
Image 7.25
POTATOE CUBE LAB
Pre-Lab
My Solution will be: ________________________________
Procedure:
Observations: Describe what the egg looked like qualitatively before and after it is placed
within the solution.
Day 1 (before):
Day 2:
Day 3:
Problem:
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Possible Hypothesis:
IV:
DV :
C's:
units:
units:
Lab
Exp
eri
me
ntal
Des
ign Box
Data Chart
Trt:
# trs:
123Avg.
POST LAB-LAB REPORT
Introduction:
Procedures:
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Data:
Conclusion:
Questions:
1.
Explain the process of osmosis that occurred with your potato. Use words like net movement of
water, concentration gradient, high to low concentration.
2.
How else could you conduct this lab?
3.
Name 2 things you could have done to improve this lab experiment.
PASSIVE vs. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Active Transport – The ____________
of molecules from areas of ____________ to
___________ concentration _______the use
of ______________.
The cell energy is the ________ made in the
__________________.
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Bulk movement of substances across the membrane:
 Endocytosis- A process by which a cell surrounds and takes in _________ from its
environment by ____________ them.
1. Phagocytosis- “Cell ________”: Process in which phagocytes _______ and
digest microorganisms and cellular _______.
2. Pinocytosis- “Cell _________”: Process by which certain cells can engulf and
incorporate droplets of fluid.
 Exocytosis- When materials and wastes are ____________ out of the cell.
ACTIVE AND
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Answers may be found using your lab book or
reading pages 201-207 in your book
1. Compare and contrast active transport and facilitated diffusion.
Same:
Different:
2. How do carrier proteins facilitate passive transport of molecules across a membrane?
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3. A paramecium expels water when the organism is surrounded by freshwater. What can
you deduce about the concentration gradient in the organism’s environment?
4. Sketch a before and an after diagram of an animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution.
5. Describe how the plasma membrane controls what goes into and comes out of a cell.
Mitotic Cell Division-Asexual Reproduction
Cell Division Varies Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells:
Prokaryotic cells are _________celled organisms. Before the bacterium can divide there must
be ______ copies of its ________. This occurs by the DNA molecule __________ itself into
two different strands, which will form two separate interdependent strands. Once the
__________ has replicated itself and the cell has grown to an appropriate size, the bacterium
splits into two equal halves through a process called__________ __________.
Draw a picture of Binary Fission (asexual reproduction)
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Eukaryotic Cells undergo ___________ division (asexual reproduction). The life of a
eukaryotic cell is traditionally diagrammed as a __________ _________.
Explain what each of the 5 phases consists of:
1. G¹ phase:
2. S phase:
3. G² phase:
4. M Phase:
5. C Phase:
Draw the cell cycle and describe what is occurring in each phase
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Page 246, Figure 9.3
Answer the following questions:
1. What happens to DNA during the S stage of Interphase?
2. What are the first three stages of the cell cycle collectively known as/
3. What occurs during mitosis?
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The Cell ___________ consists of Interphase and ___________ (division of the nucleus).
Most of the time the cell is in ___________ as the cell prepares for division.
Interphase
1. The cell’s chemical machine operates
and the cell grows (G1 phase)
2. The ___________ of DNA (S phase)
3. ____________ for cell division (G2)
Stages of Mitosis
 Prophase
1. The chromatin ___________ (shortens)
in chromosomes
Chromatin
vs.
Chromosomes
___________
short/thick
Invisible
___________
___________
inactive
Working cells
dividing cells
2. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus
____________.
3. Centrioles move apart to opposite ends
of the cell
4. __________ fibers from the centrioles
attach to centromeres
 Metaphase
1. Chromosomes line up on the __________
of the cell
 Anaphase
1. Centromere ___________
2. Chromosomes are ____________ to the
ends of the cell
 Telophase
1. Chromosomes ___________ the ends
of the cell
2. Chromosomes ___________ (lengthen)
to form chromatin
3. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus
__________
4. The centrioles _________
5. The _________ is divided (Cytokinesis)
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Draw the Cell Cycle Diagram with all 4 stages of mitosis.
Refer to page 249 for
help, figure 9.6. With each phase describe what is occurring in a few short words. This
picture must be labeled and colored to receive full credit.
HINT- You should have the following phases: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.
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