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Terms Acacia (Golden Wattle) (Acacia pycnantha) • Description: – Phyllodes: modified petioles (parallel veins) – Evergreen • Fruit: – Legume • Flower: – Yellow • Location: – Non-native – Originated in Australia • Chemical: – Tannins • Uses: – Perfume • Family: – Fabaceae (Pea family) Pricklypear Cactus (Opuntia littoralis) • Description: – Leaves modified into Glochids – Stems modified as Chladophylls • Fruit: – Fleshy red fruit (pear) • Flower: – Yellow to red • Location: – Native – Found in coastal sage scrub and desert habitats in southwestern United States • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Can be eaten • Family: – Cactaceae (Cactus family) Bladderpod (Isomeris arborea) • Description – Compound leaves with 3 leaflets – Leaves alternate – Evergreen • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Yellow • Location: – Native – Endemic to Southern California – Found in coastal sage scrub (CSS) and desert habitats in • Chemical: – Strong odor to reduce predation • Uses: – None • Family: – Capparaceae Brazilian Pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) • Description: – Pinnately compound leaves – Leaves alternate – Evergreen • Fruit: – Drupe • Flower: – Small white • Location: – Non-native (invasive) – Originated in tropical and subtropical South America • Chemical: – Aromatic sap that may burn – May act as a narcotic on birds who eat berries • Uses: – Ornamental • Family: – Anacardiaceae (Sumac family) Black Sage (Salvia mellifera) • Description: – Simple leaves with small hairs – Drought Deciduous • Fruit: – Schizocarp • Flower: – Blue or lavender in stacked balls • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub (CSS) and chaparral habitats • Chemical: – Diterpenoids used as pain relievers • Uses: – Rub on sore feet – Chumash brewed as sun tea – Nectar used to make honey • Family: – Lamiaceae (Mint family) Bulrush (Schoenoplectus californicus) • Description – Triangular leaf – Sedge-like • Fruit: – Grain • Flower: – Brown or tan panicle inflorescence • Location: – Native – Indicator of freshwater in North and South America • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Used by Native Americans to make baskets, rope, canoes • Family: – Cyperaceae California Blackberry (Rubus ursinus) • Description – Leaves usually have 3 leaflets but sometimes 5 or only 1 – Branches with prickles – Usually Deciduous • Fruit: – Aggregate fruit made up of numerous duplets • Flower: – White with narrow petals • Location: – Native – Common in moist and shaded shrublands, streamsides, disturbed areas, and canyons – Western U.S. • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Used by Native Americans as a food • Family: – Rosaceae (Rose family) California Buckeye (Aesculus californica) • Description – Palmately Compound with five leaflets – Deciduous • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Large white to pink • Location: – Native to northern California – Only buckeye species endemic to California • Chemical: – Neurotoxic glycoside aesculin, which causes hemolysis of red blood cells. • Uses: – Used by Native Americans to kill fish – Toxic to honeybees • Family: – Sapindaceae California Buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) • Description: – Leaves in clusters – Evergreen • Fruit: – Grain • Flower: – White or brown clusters • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Treatment of headache, diarrhea, and wounds – Good for heart – Erosion control – Source of food for honeybees in summer months • Family: – Polygonaceae California Redbud (Cercis occidentalis) • Description: – Simple heart-shaped leaves – Deciduous • Fruit: – Legume • Flower: – Large Pink or red • Location: – Native – Chaparral habitats in western United States • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Wood Veneer – Erosion control – Red bark used for baskets • Family: – Fabeaceae (Pea family) California Sagebrush (Artemisia californica) • Description – Slender flexible stems with thin pinnate leaves – Evergreen • Fruit: – Achene • Flower: – Narrow inflorescence which are yellowish • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats • Chemical: – Terpenes to reduce competition and predation • Uses: – Erosion control – Reduce digestive issues • Family: – Asteraceae (Sunflower family) Caster Bean (Ricinus communis) • Description: – Palmate alternate Leaves – Evergreen • Fruit: – Spiny capsule (not a true bean) • Flower: – Panicle-like inflorescence which are reddish in color • Location: – Non-native (invasive) – Originally from Asia and Africa • Chemical: – Ricin (deadly) • Uses: – Source of Caster Oil used for digestive cleansing – lubricant • Family: – Euphorbiaceae Catalina Cherry (Prunus ilicifolia) • Description: – Simple toothed alternating leaves (vary) – Evergreen • Fruit: – Drupe with large pit • Flower: – Small white • Location: – Native – California chaparral • Chemical: – Tannins • Uses: – Native Americans made a fermented drink • Family: – Rosaceae (Rose Family) Catalina Ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus) • Description: – Compound Leaves (fernlike) – Evergreen • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Cream colored • Location: – Native – Endemic to Catalina Island • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Ornamental but seeds not very viable • Family: – Rosaceae (Rose family) Cattail (Typha sp.) • Description – Flat simple leaf – Evergreen • Fruit: – Nut • Flower: – Dense Brown Spike (wind dispersed) • Location: – Native – Indicator of fresh water in Northern Hemisphere • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Rhizomes are edible – Leaves can be woven in to baskets or braided into rope • Family: – Typhaceae Ceonothus (Mt. Lilac) (Ceonothus sp.) • Description: – Simple leaf with three prominent veins – Evergreen • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Blue • Location: – Native – California chaparral • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Eaten by Deer – Used for teas – Baskets • Family: – Rhamnaceae Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) • Description: – Simple convex leaves with dentate margins – Hairs in axils in leaves – Evergreen – No undergrowth due to shade and Tannins • Fruit: – Nut • Flower: – Catkins • Location: – Native – Oak woodlands, chaparral and CSS habitats • Chemical: – Tannins • Uses: – Food – Charcoal • Family: – Fagaceae Coffee Berry (Rhamnus californica) • Description: – Simple, reddish bark on stems – Evergreen • Fruit: – Drupe • Flower: – Greenish • Location: – Native – Southwestern United States, Chaparral • Chemical: – none • Uses: – Ornamental not as well liked by deer – Erosion control – Heal burns and rashes – Used as laxative • Family: – Rhamnaceae Coyote Bush (Baccharis pilularis) • Description – Simple leaves that are often sticky – Various shapes determined by location – Large root system • Fruit: – Achenes • Flower: – Small white or yellow • Location: – Native – CSS and chaparral habitats in western United States • Chemical: – Oils to prevent predation • Uses: – Secondary pioneer plant • Family: – Asteraceae (Sunflower family) Blue Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) • Description – Pinnately compound leaves with 5-9 leaflets – Deciduous • Fruit: – True berry • Flower: – Yellow in an umbrella structure • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Edible fruits – Wine – Syrup • Family: – Adoxaceae Encelia or Brittlebush (Encelia sp.) • Description: – White leaves – Evergreen • Fruit: – Acene • Flower: – Yellow • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub and desert habitats • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Glue, Sealer, Gum, Incense – Treat toothaches • Family: – Asteraceae (Sunflower family) Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) • Description: – – – – – 700 species Alternate simple leaves Evergreen Gum Trees Peeling bark • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Vary in color with an operculum • Location: – Non-native (Invasive) – Originally from Australia • Chemical: – Terpenoids (aromatic) • Uses: – Planted to lower the water table – Make pulp for paper – Antiseptic – Food additives – Insect repellent • Family: – Myrtaceae Flannel Bush (Fremontodendron sp.) • Description: – Simple 3-lobed leaves – Evergreen – Fuzzy texture – modified hairs called trichomes • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Large yellowish orange Flowers • Location: – Native – Southwestern U.S. and Mexico – Chaparral, pine woodlands, and juniper woodland habitats • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Water conservation gardens • Family: – Malvaceae Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) • Description: – Simple leaf with long flattened petiole – Deciduous • Fruit: – Achene • Flower: – Catkins • Location: – Native – Riparian habitats – Southwest U.S. and Northern Mexico • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Erosion control – Fuel and fence posts • Family: – Salicaceae Desert willow (Chilopsis linearis) • Description: – Simple leaf with long flattened petiole – Deciduous • Fruit: – Drupe • Flower: – Large white or pinkish • Location: – Native – Desert habitats in southwestern U.S • Chemical – None • Uses: – Wood used to make bows and baskets – Used to treat fungal infections • Family: – Oleaceae Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) • Description: – Simple leaf which is fan shaped – Deciduous • Fruit: – None • Flower: – None • Location: – Non-native – Originated in China • Chemical: – Butyric Acid • Uses: – Decorative ornamental – only males planted in this country • Family: – Ginkgoaceae Horehound (Marrubium vulgare) • Description – Simple leaf with crinkled appearance • Fruit: – Berry • Flower: – White clusters on stem • Location: – Non-native – Originally from Europe, Africa and Asia • Chemical: – Essential oils • Uses: – Antimicrobial and anticancer properties – Candy – Grasshopper repellent – Invasive Weed • Family – Laminaceae (Mint family) Incense Cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) • Description: – Scaled leaves in flat sprays – Branches Flexible • Fruit: – None • Flower: – None • Location: – Native – Evergreen forests in western North America • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Pencils – Light fires • Family: – Cupressaceae Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja sp.) • Description: – Clover like leaves • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Red, orange to yellow (bracts) • Location: – Native – Various habitats in western North America • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Eaten as greens – Hairwash – Dye • Family: – Orobanchaceae Jacaranda (Jacaranda sp.) • Description: – Doubly compound leaves • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Purple – often sticky • Location: – Non-native – Originally from Central and South America • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Ornamental plants – Acoustic guitars • Family: – Bignoniaceae Jimson Weed (Datura stramonium) • Description – Large simple toothed leaves • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Large white to purple • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub, desert, and chaparral habitats – Widespread throughout North and South America • Chemical: – Atropine • Uses: – Relieve asthma symptoms – Hallucinogen • Family: – Solanaceae Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) • Description: – Simple leaves that stand erect • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Small greenish yellow • Location: – Native – Chaparral and desert habitats in western North America • Chemical – Oil (liquid wax ester) • Uses: – – – – Laxative Salve Biodiesel fuel Cosmetics • Family: – Simmondsiaceae Laurel Sumac (Malosma laurina) • Description; – Large Simple Leaves with reddish edges • Fruit: – Drupe • Flower: – Small white • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub and Chaparral habitats • Chemical: – Volatile compounds • Uses: – Tea for dysentery – Crown sprouting – Fire adapted • Family: – Anacardiaceae (Sumac family) Lemonade Berry (Rhus integrifolia) • Description: – – – – Large Simple and alternating Evergreen Reddish twigs Leaf margins may be serrated • Fruit: – Berry • Flower: – Small rosy pink • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats • Chemical: – Tannins • Uses: – Lemonade like drink – Make candles • Family: – Anacardiaceae (Sumac family) Liquid Amber (Lizuidamber styraciflua) • Description: – Large Simple and palmate – Deciduous • Fruit: – Woody Capsule • Flower: – Greenish • Location: – Non-native – Originally from deciduous forests in eastern U.S. • Chemical: – Styrax • Uses: – Plywood, furniture, cabinets – Chewing gum • Family: – Altingiaceae Mesquite (Prosopis sp.) • Description – Deciduous – Doubly pinnate compound leaves – Long Taproot (up to 200 ft) – Thorns • Fruit: – Legume • Flower: – Catkins with pale green or yellow flowers • Location: – Native – Desert habitats in southwestern U.S • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Food (flour) – Furniture – Barbecues • Family: – Fabaceae (Pea family) Mulefat (Baccharis salicifolia) • Description: – Simple Leaves – Sticky foliage • Fruit: – Small achene • Flower: – Small fuzzy pink or red-tinged white flowers • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and riparian habitats in western U.S • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Erosion control • Family: – Asteraceaea (Sunflower family) Mustard (Bassica sp.) • Description: – Annual • Fruit: – Silque • Flower: – Yellow • Location: – Non-native (Invasive) – Originally from Mediterranean region • Chemical – Allelochemicals – inhibit mychorrhizae of neighboring plants • Uses: – Pioneer plant (indicator of distrubance) – Cooking oil – Spice – High in Vitamin C • Family: – Brassicaceae (Mustard family) Olive (Olea europaea) • Description: – Small evergreen tree with small oblong leaves that are dark green on the top, silvery on the bottom • Fruit: – Drupe • Flower: – Small white feathery flowers in racemes • Location: – Non-native – Originally from Mediterranean region, Asia and Africa • Chemical – Oleuropein – makes olives bitter. Olives are fermented to use as food • Uses: – Food (Olives are artificially black by adding the chemical ferrous sulfate – 90% of olives are used as olive oil – Has been used as a symbol of peace • Family: – Oleaceae Palm Tree (Washingtonia sp.) • Description: – Evergreen – Skirt – Near water (Oasis) • Fruit: – Drupe • Flower: – Small and insignificant • Location: – Native – Desert habitats in Mexico and southern California • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Food – Baskets – Thatch Roofs • Family: – Arecaceae Palo Verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) • Description: – Green bark – Small leaves that are drought deciduous • Fruit: – Legume • Flower: – Pale yellow • Location: – Native – Desert habitats in southwestern U.S • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Food (flour) • Family: – Fabaceae (Pea family) Pampas Grass (Cortaderia selloana) • Description: – Tall grass with leaves that cut when going toward center of plant • Fruit: – Grain • Flower: – Dense white panicles • Location: – Non-native (Invasive) – Riparian habitats – Originally from South America • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Flower arrangements • Family: – Poaceaea (Grass family) Pine Tree (Pinus sp.) • Description: – Leaves are needles grouped into fascicles – Branches flexible • Fruit: – None • Flower: – None • Location: – Native – Evergreen forests worldwide • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Wood – Furniture, floors • Family: – Pinaceae Sago Palm (Cycas revoluta) • Description: – Palm-like • Fruit: – None • Flower: – None • Location: – Non-native – Originally from Japan and China • Chemical: – Alkaloids, tannins, steroids • Uses: – Ornamental • Family: – Cycadaceae Southern Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) • Description: – Compound leaves – Deciduous – Slight odor • Fruit: – Drupe • Flower: – Green catkins • Location: – Native – Riparian habitats – Endemic to California • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Flooring, furniture – Food • Family: – Juglandaceae Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) • Description – Thick Waxy Leaves with rusty pubescence underneath • Fruit: – Follicle • Flower: – Large White • Location: – Non-native – Originally from southeastern U.S. • Chemical – None • Use – Ornamental – Make furniture, pallets and veneer • Family – Magnoliaceae Sugar Bush (Rhus ovata) • Description – Large simple leaves with reddish twigs – Ovate leaves that are folded along the midrib – Leaf margins entire (smooth • Fruit: – Drupe • Flower: – Small, pink • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats • Chemical: – Tannins • Uses: – Ornamental • Family: – Anacardiaceae (Sumac family) Sweet Bay (Laurus sp.) • Description: – Glossy simple leaves – Evergreen • Fruit: – True berry • Flower: – Pale yellow green • Location: – Non-native – Originally from Mediterranean region • Chemical: – Cineole oil • Uses: – Astringent – Olympic wreaths – Cooking (spices) • Family – Lauraceae Toyon (Heteromeles (Photonia) arbutifolia) • Description: – Christmas Berry – Simple leaf - dentate – Evergreen • Fruit: – Pome • Flower: – Small, white • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats. • Chemical: – Tannins – Glycocides • Uses: – Ornamental – Jelly from fruit – Tea for stomach ailments • Family: – Rosaceae (Rose family) Tree Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) • Description: – Heart shaped leaves • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Yellow tubular • Location: – Non-native (Invasive) – Originally from South America • Chemical: – Nicotine • Uses: – Smoked – Treat swelling and bruises – Biofuel • Family: – Solanaceae Western Sycamore (Platanus racemosa) • Description: – Large palmate leaves that are pubescent – Deciduous – Peeling Bark • Fruit: – Achene • Flower: – Inflorescence • Location: – Native – Riparian habitats in California and Baja California • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Ornamental • Family: – Platanaceae White Alder (Alnus rhombifolia) • Description: – Simple alternate leaves with serrate margins – Deciduous – Bark with “eyes” • Fruit: – Strobili (females) • Flower: – Catkins (male) • Location: – Native – Chaparral and woodland habitats in California and Baja • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Ornamental • Family: – Betulaceae White Ash (Fraxinus americana) • Description: – Compound leaves that are made of 5-9 leaflets – Leaves are opposite – Deciduous • Fruit: – Samara • Location: – Non-native – Riparian habitats – Originally from eastern North America • Chemical: – None • Uses: – Baseball bats, oars, flooring, tool handles • Family: – Oleaceae White Sage (Salvia apiana) • Description: – Large white leaves with an odor • Fruit: – Achene • Flower: – White to lavender • Location: – Native – Coastal sage scrub and Chaparral habitats • Chemical: – Terpenes to reduce competition and predation • Uses: – Food (Pinole) • Family: – Lamiaceae (Mint family) Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) • Description: – Annual – Small simple leaves • Fruit: – Silques • Flower: – White to lavender • Location: – Non-native (Invasive) – Originally from Asia • Chemical – None • Use – Food • Family – Brassicaeae (Mustard family) Willow (Salix sp.) • Description – Narrow simple leaves – Usually Deciduous – Moist soils • Fruit: – Capsule • Flower: – Catkins • Location: – Native – Riparian habitats in Northern hemisphere • Chemical: – Salicylic Acid • Uses: – Aspirin • Family: – Salicaceae Plant families Mustard (Brassicaceae) Cactus (Cactaceae) Mint (Lamiaceae) Rose (Rosaceae) Pea (Fabaceae) Sumac (Anacardiaceae) Sunflower (Asteraceae) Grass (Poaceae)