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TEACHER RESOURCE SCIEN CONTE CE NT/ CURRIC U SHARIN LUM LINK G IDE OB PLANETARIUM STARDOME OBSERVATORY & TIES ON... TIVI FACTS, RESOURCES AND AC S S E N T H G STAR BRI SERVAT AS AND IN THE N IONS ABOUT T HE STAR IGHT SK S Y. EXPERIE EXTEND EXPLAN NCES AND PER THEIR ATIONS SONAL OF THE WORLD NAT TH PLAY, A ROUGH EXPLO URAL ND ASK RA IN G QUEST TION, SEEK A IONS. ND DES CRIBE SIMPLE PATTER PHYSIC N S IN AL PHE NOMEN A. Even the faintest stars are not the same brightness as each other, when zooming in on the ‘Jewel Box’ in the Southern Cross (Hubble Space Telescope). Credit: ESO. at night Looking up at the stars from ge we notice that they ran t. Our fain y ver y, quite bright to ver e the um ass to is t inc inst automatic esses, htn brig nt ere diff e hav stars far and not to think about how us. m away they are fro t our Sun But if we remember tha ely hug s is a star, and it appear rs, sta e tim ht brighter than nig st mu rs sta to ces tan dis then the y seem the ht brig how ct affe also to us. same Two stars that appear the fact in brightness at night may a and se clo be a faint star quite ay. aw far y bright star ver t star For example, the neares ri, tau Cen to our Sun is Alpha tant. dis * ars t-ye ligh which is 4.3 tance, dis t tha at re we Sun If our billion it would appear over 38 our in times fainter than uld be daytime sky! In fact, it wo in night sky, which is the ma the in n cyo Pro as t as fain g) Do all Canis minoris (The Sm star of the constellation ion of Orion. near the great constellat ary stars, like our Sun, but bin Many stars are not single of sum the Their brightness is or multiple star systems. ponent stars. the brightness of the com n. htness in a regular patter Some stars change brig sons rea ny stars. There are ma These are called variable . Sun the e steadily like why these stars don’t shin is measured on a ess In astronomy, star brightn numbers indicate fainter er larg ere magnitude scale, wh are very bright objects. stars and negative values sky ects appear in the night How bright celestial obj ual act ir magnitude’. The is termed their ‘apparent ‘absolute magnitude’. ir the d me ter brightness is insic calculation of a star’s intr Absolute magnitude is a be at to e its apparent magnitud brightness by adjusting a standard distance** at the magnitude of −26.7, but Our Sun has an apparent . This is 4.8 of e absolute magnitud standard distance has an e in the ion Ple as wn -nuku (also kno nearly as faint as Tupu-a s). ter Sis en Sev e (th iki r in Matar Pleiades), the faintest sta ance of ~9.5km trillion. * One light-year is a dist d, ecs (32.6 light-years) is use pars ** The distance of 10 nd. eco arcs llax where a parsec is a para The Sun is 400,000 times brighter than the Full Moon. Check out these other resources... Brightest stars in the night sky: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_brightest_stars Star charts: http://observe.phy.sfasu.edu/SFAStarCharts/SFAStarChartsPro.pdf Stardome monthly star charts: https://www.stardome.org.nz/astronomy/star-charts/ RASNZ charts and information: http://www.rasnz.org.nz Is a planisphere (star How many stars aren’t wheel) better than because live using star charts? you where visible of light pollution? DISCUSSION POINTS STARDOME.ORG.NZ 09 624 1246 ACTIVITY PLANETARIUM STARDOME OBSERVATORY & S S E N T H G STAR BRI e time to look stars, take som e th at up ze ch other. d ga dimmer than ea a clear night an or on er e ht id ig ts br ou e e When you ar uch the stars ar and see how m lly fu t re ca em at th a moonless nigh To view the stars: dark, u select a nice M ake sure yo e e ay from th glar safe, position aw et, re st e th ighbours, of lights from ne , etc. passing vehicles eyes inutes for your A llow 5-10 m is is Th . ss darkne to adapt to the ing be r te rtant af especially impo d an s e light inside with hous . TV watching e to ill need this tim Y our eyes w lit a e av le u e yo adapt each tim area at night. ht ht, or a white lig U se a red lig e, d cellophan to covered with re aptation. maintain dark ad look ld go outside to C hildren shou n he w ly ght on at the stars at ni ult. responsible ad a by d supervise it’s if it’s cloudy. If D on’t give up 0 -3 20 y er ev eck very cloudy, ch ds. ou cl e th in k ea minutes for a br tside cloudy, stay ou If it’s just a little ds to eaks in the clou and wait for br en stars. reveal the hidd t, don’t delay If it’s a clear nigh s. oking at the star or postpone lo se or ely to be w It’s more than lik night(s)! xt viewing the ne st The neahree Sun, star toa tCentauri, Proxim faint to is too ithout see w lars or binocu cope. a teles THE BRIGH TEST STAR IN TH E NIGHT SKY IS SIRIUS (ALP H CANIS MAJO A RIS), NEAR ORIO N. can see on e sky. many stars you Se ight Moon in th e how ght with the br ni a ith w d re compa d and identify anisphere to fin pl a or t ar ch g.: p, a star Us ns in the sky, e. e an ap hter constellatio ig br d an er s gg the bi • Southern Cros • Gemini • Orion • Scorpius ster (Matariki). • Centaurus Pleiades star clu e th in e se u yo y stars can Ho rn Cross? w man s of the Southe e brightest star fiv e th e se u . Ca n yo ir of binoculars ations using a pa rv se ob e es th Re peat POINTERS SOUTHERN CROSS Star name(s) Alpha (α) Centauri (Rigel Kent; Toliman) Apparent brightness Distance (light-years) -0.27 4.3 Beta (β) Centauri (Hadar) 0.6 390 Alpha (α) Crucis (Acrux) 0.8 320 Beta (β) Crucis (Mimosa) 1.3 280 Gamma (γ) Crucis (Gacrux) 1.6 88 Delta (δ) Crucis 2.8 375 Epsilon (ε) Crucis 3.6 228 Star charts are usually reversed, with black stars and a white sky, and show brighter stars as larger symbols and graduated smaller symbols for fainter stars. nd it to us. se d an ity tiv ac ur yo of o ot ph a Take ardome.org.nz st n@ io at uc ed it! e se to e lov e’d W STARDOME.ORG.NZ 09 624 1246