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A Nation Divided: The Civil War Name______________________________ #_________ The Civil War started for 2 reasons. Can you figure them out? Reason 1 _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Reason 2 __ __ __ __ __ __ ‘ __ __ __ __ __ __ Chapter 8 A Divided Nation Name_____________________________________ #__________ (Pages 184 and 185) 1. Read all the information and look at all of the pictures on pages 184 and 185. Make predictions about things you will learn in chapter eight below. 2. What time period are we studying? _________________________________________________ 3. The Civil War started in 1861. How long ago was that? Show how you solved this problem in the space below. ___________________________________________________________ Important Vocabulary Directions: Use chapter 8 and the glossary of your social studies book to define the following words. tariff ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ imports ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ abolitionists ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2 secede ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ drafted soldiers (or a draft) ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ cartridges ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ technology ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ sacrifice ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ missionaries ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Emancipation Proclamation (VERY IMPORTANT!!!) ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ submarine (remember the prefix sub means under) ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Antebellum South Carolina Thinking about Antebellum, what FACTS can be said about slavery during this time? 1. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ * Check on the next page to see if anything you wrote matches up with information you MUST remember. 3 Antebellum South Carolina Facts about slavery you need to remember. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cotton became a cash crop in Antebellum, SC. SC was the perfect place to grow cotton because of its climate and soil conditions. Slaves were used to plant, grow, and harvest cotton. As cotton became more popular, more slaves were needed. The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, supported the expansion of slavery. South Carolina’s economy depended on slave labor. The elite class owned most of the slaves. As slavery grew, so did the wealth and power of the elite class. Based on the facts above, answer the following cause/effect questions below. 1. Name one effect of the invention of the cotton gin. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 2. Cause: 3. Cause: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Effect: Many elite South Carolinian planters decided to grow cotton. Many elite planters realized more slaves equaled the ability to produce cotton quicker. Effect: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 4. Which was NOT an effect of the invention of the cotton gin? a. cotton was easier and faster to clean b. slavery expanded c. indigo became a cash crop d. cotton became a cash crop 4 Directions: Use the chart below to answer each question. 1. According to the chart, how many cotton bales were produced in 1790? a. 3,000 b. 146,000 c. 25 d. 300 2. How many more cotton bales were produced in 1805 than in 1800? a. 60,000 b. 400 c. 73,000 d. 36 3. What does “cotton is king” mean? You may use your book if you need help answering this question. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 5 Lesson One Pages 186-193 1. Why did the North and South want different things from the national government? Explain using details. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Directions: Read pages 186 and 187. Fill out the chart below giving details about how the North and South were different. North South 2. Many southern states, including South Carolina, believed the new tariff was unfair. Why did southern states think this? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. True or False: People in SC were not happy about the tariff, but agreed to pay it to keep peace. On the lines below, provide proof (or a reason) you know your answer is correct. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 6 4. John C. Calhoun claimed that South Carolina did not have to follow the new law about paying the tariff. What was his argument or reason for saying this? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. During Antebellum or Pre Civil War times many southerners worked on _______________________________ and northerners worked in _______________________________. Directions: Read pages 188 and 189 with a classmate. Why do you think the NORTH and the SOUTH were so divided when it came to the issue of slavery? Write a paragraph below explaining why the NORTH and the SOUTH felt so differently. You may work with 1 or 2 other classmates as long as you are all contributing to the work. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 7 Working to End Slavery (Page 190 and 191) 1. There were people all over the country who worked to end slavery. What were these people called? a. southerners b. abolitionists c. blockades d. cartridges 2. Who are the Grimke sisters? Please be VERY detailed. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. How did many whites in South Carolina feel about abolitionists? Why did they feel this way? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What effect would ending slavery have on South Carolina during this time? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Southerners were upset when Lincoln was elected president because: a. they believed he might one day end slavery, which would threaten their way of life b. he had a plan to raise taxes c. he wanted the northern states to secede from the Union d. they wanted a president who would support abolition of slavery 6. Give evidence from your text that supports why you chose the answer you did for number 5. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 7. Who are Fire-Eaters? a. people who wanted to end slavery b. people who wanted the North and South to have a fire and declare peace c. people who eat fire d. people who disliked the North and wanted to leave the Union 8 8. South Carolinians were worried about Lincoln being the president. As a result, what did they decide to do? a. they paid more taxes b. they fought to keep slavery c. they protested against the abolitionists d. South Carolina leaders called a special meeting. The Secession Convention Directions: Read pages 192 and 193. Answer the questions below using details from the information that you learned. 9. What was the purpose of the Secession Convention? Be very specific!! _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 10. What was the effect of the Secession Convention? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 11. What does the word secede mean? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 12. What happened at the Secession Convention? a. The leaders all got sick with yellow fever. b. The leaders decided not to secede. c. The leaders got in a fight, and nothing was solved. d. The leaders signed the Ordinance of Secession, which said South Carolina had left the Union. 13. The _____________________________ was a document that said South Carolina was no longer part of the United States of America. 14. ___________________________________ was the _____________ state to leave the union. Soon, many other southern states followed. These states became known as _____________________________. 15. The leader of the Union states was _______________________ and the leader of the Confederate States of America was _______________________. 9 Lesson Two (Pages 194-197) 1. How did President Lincoln react to the southern states seceding from the union? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. South Carolina seceded, but something happened that made them more and more upset. What was it? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Cause : _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Effect: The Confederates planned to attack Fort Sumter. 3. Shots were fired on April 12th, _______________ by the Confederate soldiers on Fort Sumter. This marked the beginning of the ____________________ War. 4. The Battle at Fort Sumter lasted for ______________________ hours until the_________________________ surrendered. The ___________________________ now had control of the fort. Picture It!! Look at the picture on page 195. How do you think South Carolinians felt about watching the Battle at Fort Sumter from their rooftops? Write a detailed description or draw a detailed picture below that might answer the question above. 10 6. The firing on Fort Sumter took place because the: a. The Confederates wanted to destroy the fort. b. The Union wanted to get control of the fort. c. The Confederates wanted to punish the soldiers there. d. The Confederates were upset that the U.S. still had control over a fort in the south. The Civil War Begins (Page 196) 1. Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Study page 196. Fill out the chart below. North South Name Nickname Color Number of States President General of Army 2. TRUE or FALSE: Most of the Civil War battles took place in South Carolina. On the lines below, provide proof (or a reason) you know your answer is correct. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. TRUE or FALSE: Most states were part of the Confederacy. On the lines below, provide proof (or a reason) you know your answer is correct. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Cause: The south did not have many factories to make guns and bullets. Effect: ____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 11 5. Why did Lincoln order the blockade of Charleston and the entire South? a. to keep southerners from escaping to the North b. to keep the South from getting any supplies c. to keep a closer watch on the South d. to catch seafood along the coast 6. What were some of the effects of the blockade on people living in the South? 7. Why did the Union take over Port Royal? a. to get a base in the South where it could keep soldiers and supplies b. to capture the slaves there and make them work for the union c. to force the white plantation owners there to leave d. to have a place in the South where it could build textile mills Your Job: Flag Maker President Davis has just hired you to create a flag for the Confederate States of America. Create your flag below (include color) then on the lines explain why President Davis should make your flag the official Confederate States of America Flag. ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 12 Lesson Three (Pages 198-201) Directions: Read lesson three with at least one other classmate. Write a main idea for each heading below. The first one is done for you. A Soldier’s Life Almost all white men in South Carolina fought in the civil war. Many men were drafted by the government and were forced to fight. Life In Camp ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Carrying Everything ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Hot and Cold ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 13 Hardly Worth Eating ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Why Did the Soldiers Fight? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Brothers Against Brothers ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ A Message Through Wire ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ The Angel of Marye Heights ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Why do you think Richard Kirkland helped the Union soldiers? Be prepared to defend your answer. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 14 Lesson Four (Pages 202-209) 1. Even though most of the battles were fought outside SC, things were hard for people in our state. Make a list of details that prove the above statement. 2. Why did people start saying, “Plant corn and be free, or cotton and be whipped.” a. cotton wasn’t a cash crop anymore b. SC leaders needed food for their armies c. slaves were rebelling against their leaders d. none of the above plant 3. TRUE or FALSE: Everyone struggled during the Civil War except the elite class. On the lines below, provide proof (or a reason) you know your answer is correct. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. How did plantation families struggle? Be very specific. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. How did poor farmers struggle? Be very specific. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Women Help the War Effort Even though women did not fight in the day to day battles, they played important roles in the Civil War. On the next page, make a web that tells at least 4 ways they helped with the war effort. Then, draw a picture that supports your web. 15 16 Struggles for African Americans During the Civil War, some African Americans fought for the North and some fought for the South. Regardless of who they fought for, all struggled during this difficult time. List or describe a few struggles of this group of people below. Slaves on Plantations African Americans Fighting for the Union Why was Robert Smalls considered a hero to the people in the North? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 17 The Penn School (page 208) Directions: Fill in the web below using details about the Penn School. Make sure you write something about why this was so important to African Americans. The Emancipation Proclamation (page 209) On July 1, 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that said all slaves were free. Why did this NOT help South Carolina slaves? Using details from the text, write your answer on the lines below. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 18 Lesson Five (Pages 210-213) The H.L. Hunley is a _____________________________________. Explain why the H.L. Hunley (pictured above) was considered the “south’s secret weapon.” Please be as detailed as possible. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ The Tide Turns (Page 211) For a while, the south won most of the battles during the Civil War. But, then things changed. The south lost the following battles: ___________________________ ___________________________ Sherman’s March 1. General Sherman led a union army that took over _________________, __________________. He then ordered his men to march to _________________, __________________. It is here that he did the following 4 things: 2. Many people feared that General Sherman would take over Charleston next, so they sent important things to_____________________________. Some families even moved there!! 19 Sherman’s March Continued… 3. Sherman’s army had _________________ soldiers while the south had less than _________________ soldiers to protect our state. 4. Why was going to ________________________ not such a great idea after all? Use details from the text to support your answer. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Below is a picture that illustrates something important that happened during the Civil War. Use what you know and what you have read to make an inference below on the lines. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Why did people in Charleston send their families and belongings to Columbia during Sherman’s march? a. They wanted to be closer to the action of the war. b. Union soldiers forced them to move to Columbia. c. They thought Sherman would attack Charleston, and they would be safe in Columbia. d. They were trying to get away from a disease that broke out in Charleston. 7. Describe two ways Sherman’s March affected South Carolina. Effect #1 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Effect #2 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 20 The War Finally Ends!! 1. The _________________________ surrendered to the _______________________ marking the end of the Civil War in 1865. 2. Who won the Civil War? Write your answer below in red and blue. I Predict… The Civil War was now over, but our state (and many other states) still faced troubles in 1865. Why do you think life was still difficult? What problems still needed to be solved? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 21