Download Human body and disease

HUMAN BODY AND DISEASE
Different Cells for Different Jobs

Organisms that have many cells have
specialized cells that work together.
Tissue
A group of cells that have a common
structure and function
 Plants and animals have tissues that
perform specific jobs.

Types of Tissues
Epithelial – sheets of cells that cover surfaces
and line some body and blood vessels
 Connective tissue – includes bone, blood, and
cartilage; these join other tissues together
 Muscle tissue – helps animals move their
bodies
 Nervous tissue – produces electrical impulses
and sends signals

Organ
Two or more types of tissue that work
together to perform a function
 These tissues work together to perform
more than one function.

Tissue vs. Organ
TISSUE
 Muscle tissue and
nervous tissue are
used to move the
body.
ORGAN
 Body functions are
performed by
organs.
System
a group of parts that work together
 Systems can work together to make up a
larger whole.
 Many body systems work together to
carry out all your body’s functions.
 Most animals have similar body systems.
However, the organs that make up those
body systems and how they work differ.

Respiratory System

A system that takes in oxygen from the air
that your breathe
Nose
Mouth
diaphragm
Function of the Respiratory System
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2)
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4)
The lungs are the main structure.
When you breathe in, air moves down your
throat and into your lungs.
Oxygen is taken in through the
thin lining of the lungs.
Carbon dioxide is removed from your body.
Then the air you breathe out has less oxygen,
than the air you breathed in. It has more
carbon dioxide.
Diaphragm
A thin sheet called the diaphragm lies
below the lungs.
 The diaphragm and muscles attached to
your ribs make your lungs breathe in and
breathe out.
 These muscles are not part of the
respiratory system, but they help it work.

Digestive System

A system that breaks down food so that it
can be used by the body
Function of the Digestive System
The process begins when you chew. This
breaks food into smaller pieces.
 In the stomach,
the food is mixed with
chemicals that
help break it down.
 Then the food
passes through the
small intestines. More chemicals continue to
break down food.
 Those chemicals are made by the liver and the
pancreas.
 Nutrients are then absorbed by the body.

Digestive System (cont.)
In the large intestine, water is removed
from food and taken into the body.
 Any remaining food that has not been
digested becomes waste.

Circulatory System
carries oxygen, food, and wastes throughout
the body
 The heart, blood vessels, and blood make up
this system.
 The heart is the center of the circulatory
system.
 The heart pumps blood through blood vessels
called arteries.

Circulatory System (cont.)
The blood moves through the arteries into
the capillaries.
 In the capillaries, oxygen and food move
from the blood to the body cells.
 Carbon dioxide and other wastes move
from cells to the blood.
 The blood moves through veins back to
the heart.

Nervous System
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The organ system – made up of the brains and
other nerves – that controls movement and other
organ systems
The brain is the core of the nervous system.
It collects information and makes decision.
Your brain tells you when to breathe and tells the
muscles of your digestive system when to move.
The brain is connected to all parts of the body by
nerves.
Nervous System (cont.)
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The nerves carry instructions from your brain to the
rest of your body.
They also carry information from the body to the
brain.
Your sense organs are eyes, ears, nose, and skin.
They gather information about the environment.
Your brain reacts to what is going on around you
and tells your body what to do.
Skeletal System

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The basic framework of the body
The human skeletal system is made of 206 bones
that give the body structure and support.
The bones also cover and protect the organs inside
the body.
 The
skull protects the brain.
 The ribs protect the heart and lungs.
Muscular System

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Made up of all the body’s muscles
Muscles that are attached to the bones move the
body.
How our Systems Work Together
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The circulatory system works with other systems.
The respiratory system takes in oxygen from air in
your lungs.
The circulatory system carries oxygen to every cell
of your body.
The digestive system breaks food down into forms
the body can use.
The circulatory system absorbs those nutrients and
carries them to the cells of the body.
Skin
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Your skin is part of an organ system.
The top layer (outside) of your skin is the epidermis.
The inner layer (inside) of your skin is the dermis.
The epidermis and dermis protect you from injury
and keeps in moisture.
Disease
An illness caused by germs
 Some diseases, such as strep throat, are
caused by living things.
 Germs are microscopic and can causes
diseases.

Pathogen
An organism that causes a disease
 Pathogens are usually called germs.
 A disease caused by a pathogen is
sometimes called an infection.
 Two Main Kinds:

Bacteria
 Viruses – non-living; must be inside a cell
and attacks the cell which makes you sick

Antibiotic
A substance that controls or kills harmful
bacteria
 Antibiotic kill bacteria or stop them from
reproducing.
 Antibiotic do not affect viruses. This is why
your doctor does not give you an antibiotic for
a cold or flu. These diseases are caused by
viruses. Your doctor will give you an antiobiotic
for strep throat.

Alexander Fleming
Studying bacteria
 Grew the mold in one of the dishes of bacteria
 There was a space around the mold where no
bacteria grew.
 He experiment with the mold. He found that
the mold made a chemical that stopped the
growth of the bacteria. This chemical is
penicillin, the first antibiotic.

Vaccine
A shot that contains a liquid made from
the germ that causes an illness
 The vaccine will not give you the disease.
It will cause your body to make
antibodies that will give your body
immunity.
 Immunity – the ability to fight off a
disease caused by germs

Louis Pasteur
Pasteur made a vaccine
to prevent rabies, a
disease of the nervous
system
 Rabies are spread by a
bite from an animal who
has the disease.

Jonas Salk
Salk made the vaccine that prevents
polio.
 Polio is a disease caused by a virus.
 One form is like the flu and the
other form is more serious!
 In the early 1900s, polio affected
people, which were mostly children.
 It is a very rare disease.

Immune System
an organ system that fights disease and
foreign agents
 This system produces specialized cells
that help fight invading organisms and
destroy damaged cells.

Infectious Disease
A disease caused by organisms or viruses
 Certain kinds of worms can get stuck in
the intestines and muscles and cause
serious diseases.
 Bacteria and some kinds of fungi can
cause infectious disease.
 Some are contagious and some are not,
and others are more dangerous and even
deadly.

Noninfectious Disease
a disease caused by malfunction of an organ
system
 Such a disease does not spread from person
to person.
 Sometimes the disease is caused by a
condition that is inherited (transferred by
genes – from birth) from your family.
 Other times a disease appears as a person’s
body ages.
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