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Children’s Education Program of Performing Arts Fort Worth at Bass Performance Hall -presents- __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Texas Christian University Percussion Ensembles __________________________________________________________________________________________________ For Band Students November 2, 2016 1 Dear Teachers, We are fortunate to have Brian West and the Texas Christian University Percussion Ensembles at Bass Performance Hall for two important concerts, introducing us to various elements of percussion. We will hear all of the various instruments that make up the Percussion Family and how much they can differ. Look through the materials, go online to the many resources and listen to some of the music, paying attention to the differences in the music and how each instrument is played. TEKS Objectives met by this lesson There are many TEKS objectives being met with the material covered in each of the study guide lessons in this packet. We have chosen to look at those for middle school, but other grades could find similar objectives which they might be able to use. Fine Arts 117.33 (5) Historical/cultural heritage. The student relates music to history, to society, and to culture. The student is expected to: (A) describe aurally-presented music representing diverse styles, periods, and cultures; (D) relate the other fine arts to music concepts. (6) Response/evaluation. The student responds to and evaluates music and musical performance. The student is expected to: (A) identify criteria for evaluating performances; (B) evaluate the quality and effectiveness of music and musical performances; and (C) exhibit concert etiquette as an informed, actively involved listener during live performances. These materials are for educational use only in connection with The Children’s Education Program of Performing Arts Fort Worth at Bass Performance Hall. They are to be used in preparation of an educational performance. If you should have any questions or problems, feel free to call us at 817/212-4302 or email us at the Bass Performance Hall at [email protected]. We will see you on November 2. 2 The Composers Gordon Stout Desperate Attitude Gordon Stout (born 1952) is an American percussionist, composer, and educator specializing in the marimba. He studied composition with Joseph Schwantner, Samuel Adler, and Warren Benson, and percussion with James Salmon and John Beck. Many of his compositions for marimba have become standard repertoire for marimba players worldwide. In 2012 he was inducted into the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame. He has presented solo performances as a marimba player throughout the United States and Canada, as well as in Europe, Japan, Taiwan, and Mexico. He specializes in massive percussion orchestras. In the summer of 1998 he was a featured marimba performer at the World Marimba Festival in Osaka, Japan. On New Year’s Day, 2006, he conducted a 100 person marimba orchestra in the National Concert Hall in Taipei, Taiwan, as part of the Taiwan International Percussion Convention. In November, 2015, he conducted an orchestra of 75 people on 120 marimbas in Pennsylvania. Stout serves as professor of percussion at the School of Music of Ithaca College in Ithaca, New York and is dedicated to new works for marimba and supporting their composers around the world. He has two CDs—“Welcome to Stoutland” and “The Wilder Duo” on the market. Michael Hennagin Duo Chopinesque The Phantom Dances Michael Hennagin (1936-1993) wrote instrumental and vocal music including frequently performed pieces for choir, symphonic band and orchestra, and percussion ensemble. He graduated from the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia and his teachers included Aaron Copland and Darius Milhaud. Hennagin began his professional career as a Hollywood composer and arranger working in film and television. He wrote soundtracks for the television series "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea.” His Duo Chopinesque for Percussion Ensemble and Walking on the Green Grass for Choir are performed frequently. He was named National Composer of the Year in 1975 by the Music Teachers National Association and received awards from American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) recognizing his continued commercial influence and success. He was composer-in-residence and taught composition until his retirement in 1992 at the University of Oklahoma. 3 Nathan Daughtrey The Cry Nathan Daughtrey (b. 1975) is a performing percussionist, composer and educator. He has performed and given masterclasses and clinics throughout the United States and across three continents and has recorded two solo marimba albums to date – "Spiral Passages" and "The Yuletide Marimba" – as well as several chamber music albums. With over 60 publications for percussion ensemble, concert band, orchestra, chamber ensembles, and soloists as well as an ever-growing number of commissions, Nathan balances his performing with composing. Nathan's compositions appear regularly on performances at PASIC, the Midwest Band and Orchestra Clinic, the Bands of America National Percussion Festival, and in concert halls and other performance venues around the world. His works have also been recorded on several albums by respected performers. Dr. Daughtrey is currently a Visiting Lecturer of Percussion and Music Composition at High Point University (NC), where he teaches applied lessons, directs the percussion ensemble and works in collaboration with the School of Communication and Department of Dance. David Gillingham Whirlwind David Gillingham earned Bachelor and Master Degrees in Instrumental Music Education from the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh and the PhD in Music Theory/Composition from Michigan State University. Dr. Gillingham has an international reputation for the works he has written for band and percussion and many are now considered standards in the repertoire. His works are regularly performed by nationally recognized wind and percussion ensembles around the country as well as nationally known artists such as Canadian Brass. Dr. Gillingham is a Professor of Music at Central Michigan University and the recipient of an Excellence in Teaching Award in 1990. He is a member of ASCAP and has been receiving the ASCAP Standard Award for Composers of Concert Music since 1996. Ralph Vaughan Williams Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872 –1958) was an English composer whose works include operas, ballets, chamber music, secular and religious vocal pieces and orchestral compositions. His music marked a decisive break in British music from its Germandominated style of the 19th century. Vaughan Williams sought to be of service to his fellow 4 citizens, believed in making music as available as possible to everybody, and as a result wrote many works for amateur and student performance. Vaughan Williams is one of Britain’s best-known composers. Two of his most familiar concert works are Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis (1910) and The Lark Ascending (1914). His vocal works include hymns, folk-song arrangements and large-scale choral pieces. The First World War, in which he served in the army, had a lasting emotional effect. He went on composing through his seventies and eighties, producing his last symphony months before his death at the age of eighty-five. His works have continued to be a staple of the British concert repertoire, and all his major compositions have been recorded. Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis was originally written for a three part stringed orchestra: a full-sized orchestra, a chamber orchestra which acts as an echo to the first ensemble, and a string quartet. Thomas Tallis, who wrote the original modal theme in 1567, composed it to be used as a hymn. Listen for the improvisation on that theme which takes place in various voices and is why it is called “a fantasia.” It will be interesting to hear how it has been adapted for percussion instruments. Tom Gauger Celebration Tom Gauger was born in Wheaton, Illinois, and studied percussion at the University of Illinois, getting a degree in applied music. During that time he played with Harry Partch, an experimental composer who created his own instruments and wrote in a 43 tone octave. Tom played with the Boston Symphony for many years, making 300 - 500 recordings and music for television shows with both the symphony and the Boston Pops. He has recorded background music for several movies including the Temple of Doom, Schindler's List, and Saving Private Ryan. From 1965 until 1997 he was also on the faculty at Boston University and the Boston University Tanglewood Institute. In addition to his business of manufacturing drum sticks and accessories for percussion, he composes and publishes his own music for percussion. Joe Loco Yumbambé Joe Loco (1921-1988) was a Latin jazz and pop pianist of Puerto Rican ancestry. A composer of numerous hit recordings, a quality music orchestrator and a top contender for the title of "most melodic pianist," Joe Loco started performing with Montecino's Happy Boys in 1938. He was Machito's pianist before being drafted into the US Air Force in 5 November, 1945. After his discharge in 1947, he free lanced with Latin music's top bands, which included Polito Galindez, Marcelino Guerra, Pupi Campo, and Julio Andino before striking gold with his monstrous hit recording of "Tenderly" in 1952. His Latinized arrangements of American pop standard tunes enabled Loco's Quintet to perform at jazz clubs and other popular spots which had never featured Latin music before. Yumbambé is Latin jazz with Afro-Cuban drumming. Phil Hawkins Cha Cha Sandwich Marcena Phil Hawkins is an accomplished jazz drummer and one of the leading innovators of music for the steelpan. As a percussionist and drummer he regularly travels throughout the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean and South America to perform concerts, teach clinics and study percussion. In 1998, Phil moved to the San Francisco Bay Area where he quickly gained a reputation as a versatile drummer. Phil currently plays with Latin Jazz legend Pete Escovedo, The Ray Obiedo Group and Mistura Fina. Phil has produced two of his own recordings including “H2O,” (2005) and "Sugarcane Suite" (2010). He is a member of the music faculty at Mission College in Santa Clara where he currently teaches World Music, MIDI and Digital Audio courses and serves as the Department Chair. In 1993 he started his own publishing company, P. Note Music, to promote his original music. Shelly Irvine Samba El Gato Shelly Irvine is a composer and directs a community steel drum band with players of all ages in Ohio, called the Steeltones. Jeff Borckardt Pan Flamenco Jeff Borckardt is a composer of contemporary jazz and pan music. Jim Riley Legend Jim Riley is the drummer and bandleader for multi-platinum group, Rascal Flatts. Since moving to Nashville in 1997, Jim he has played over a thousand sold out shows for millions of fans. His television credits include The Grammy Awards, The Tonight Show, The American Music Awards, The Voice, American Idol, Dancing with the Stars, Oprah, and The Today Show. Jim’s recording credits include Rascal Flatts 2014 release “Rewind,” as well as a multi-platinum disc, “Me and My Gang”, and movie soundtracks. Jim was voted “Best Country Drummer” by the readers of Modern Drummer Magazine as well as winning “Best Drum Clinician” in 2009. In May of 2014 Jim was featured on the cover of Modern Drummer magazine. 6 Jim attended University of North Texas where he received his degree in Music Education. In addition to being one of Nashville’s elite touring drummers, Jim has become internationally recognized as a clinician and educator. Fishbone Servitude Fishbone is an American rock band formed in 1979 in Los Angeles, California, which plays a fusion of ska (a precursor of reggae), punk rock, funk, hard rock and soul. Critics have noted of the band, "Fishbone was one of the most distinctive and eclectic alternative rock bands of the late '80s. With their hyperactive, self-conscious diversity, goofy sense of humor, and sharp social commentary, the group gained a sizable cult following during the late '80s, yet they were never able to earn a mainstream audience." 7 Percussion Instruments The percussion and the bass…function as a central heating system. ---Igor Stravinsky A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck, shaken or scraped. The percussion family of instruments is believed to be the oldest category of musical instruments, following the human voice. 8 The group of percussion instruments is an enormous family—far greater than any other group of instruments. They range from the most complicated, such as the Vibraphone, to the simplest, such as wooden sticks. They are made of metal, wood, membranes of several kinds (which are stretched over drums as drumheads), to many other materials or combination of materials. The Role of Percussion in Various Styles of Music-Classical Music Orchestral music generally places emphasis on the strings, woodwinds, and brass. When a pair of timpani is included, they rarely play continuously to keep “the beat,” but usually serve to provide additional color and accents. In the Romantic period other percussion instruments (like the triangle or cymbals) were added, but again were generally used sparingly and for special effect. Contemporary classical music, however, has stretched the boundaries of the category of percussion instruments; they often call for more percussion—and of all kinds. In fact, beyond the use of rare ethnic instruments and such items as a cowbell or a rain stick, such non-musical items as paper bags, clay pots, brooms or garbage cans are at times called for use in compositions to provide unusual tone colors. Therefore, in music, percussion instruments may do more than outline the rhythm or the beat, but also provide timbre. Timbre [pronounced tám-buhr] is the quality or distinctive tone color that an instrument produces. It is independent of pitch or loudness, and helps to identify and distinguish it from other instruments. While you listen to the various instrumental sounds in the percussion ensemble concert, be aware of the different sounds produced by a full size xylophone in contrast to a bass drum or timbales and know that you have recognized timbre. Band Music In most music, percussion plays a pivotal role; in marching bands, percussion is key. The bass drum beat keeps the band members in step and at a regular speed, and the snare drum provides the crisp, decisive air so important in the marching band style. Percussion in jazz and other popular music ensembles is commonly referred to as "the heartbeat" of a musical ensemble, often working in close collaboration with the pianist, bassist, drummer and sometimes the guitarist. They are referred to as the rhythm section. Popular music depends heavily on the percussive beat keeping the tune in time. 9 The Classification of Percussion Instruments-Percussion Instruments are classified depending on what they are made of, ethnic origin and the way they are played. Percussion instruments whose sounds are produced by the vibration of a stretched membrane are called Membranophones. Drums fall into this category. Some have two heads, or membranes, stretched over each rim, such as the bass drum and the snare drums. Some are tuned, such as the timpani. Some are played with hands, rather than mallets, such as the bongo, Conga drum and the tambourine. Percussion instruments that produce sound by its entire body being set in motion, such as cymbals, bells, triangles, or wood blocks are called Idiophones. Percussion instruments which are comprised of bars or keys are called Keyboards. They do not have a keyboard in the strictest sense, but follow the layout of a keyboard and are arranged in a series of whole and half steps, as with a piano keyboard. The xylophone, marimba and glockenspiel are all a part of this category. Percussion instruments are also commonly divided into two classes: Un-Pitched instruments, which produce sounds without an identifiable pitch, and Pitched percussion instruments, which produce notes with an identifiable pitch, such as the keyboard instruments. In other words, one could sing along with the pitched instruments. The pitched percussion instruments may provide not only rhythm but melody and harmony. Common Un-Pitched Instruments found in bands and orchestras today are Bass drum, Snare drum, Cymbals, Castanets, Tambourine, Tom-tom, Guiro and the Triangle. 10 Common Pitched Instruments in the percussion family are comprised mostly of instruments with bars or keyboards, such as the Marimba, Glockenspiel and Xylophone However, some pitched instruments do not have a keyboard, such as timpani and steel drums. Timpani or kettle drums are made of copper with a drumhead made of animal skin stretched over the top. To tune the instrument, the skin is tightened or loosened by turning screws. The pedal will also lower or raise the pitch. They are played with special timpani mallets. 11 Steel drums or steel pan originated in Trinidad and Tobago and became popular in the early 1900s. They were made from 55-gallon steel drums which originally held oil or other liquids. One end of the drum is stretched into a bowl shape, and then molded and tuned for various pitches; the larger the oval on the surface of the bowl, the lower the note. They are struck by special sticks tipped with rubber ends. The bowl of a steel drum, showing the various pitches And finally, percussion instruments can be categorized by the region of the world from which they came. Many percussion instruments come from Latin and South America. In fact it would be difficult to perform much of the Latin American music that is so popular today without the maracas, bongo drums or conga drums. 12 Dr. Brian West is the Coordinator of Percussion at Texas Christian University. At TCU he has developed a program that is recognized for excellence in percussion education and performance. Under his direction, the TCU Percussion Ensemble was selected to perform a Showcase Concert at the 2015 Percussive Arts Society International Convention (PASIC). Dr. West has also developed a successful steel band program with performances at the 2005 TMEA Convention and many local venues. The marching percussion programs at TCU (Marching Band Drumline, Indoor Drumline, and summer camps) have thrived under his direction. In 2006 the TCU Indoor Drumline placed first at the PAS Marching Percussion Festival. 13 Bibliography www.ClassicsforKids.com/music/instruments.list Sound sample for each instrument www.philharmonia.co.uk/explore/instruments/percussion www.artsedge.kennedy-center.org/educators/lessons/grade3-4/Percussion_Instruments_ www.artsalive.ca/en/mus.instrumentlab/percussions.html Sound examples www.wikipedia Sites for all percussion instruments, as well as composers and arrangers. www.mostlymarimba.com Baines, Anthony, ed. The Oxford Companion to Musical Instruments. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Hart, Mickey. Planet Drum; A Celebration of Percussion and Rhythm. New York: Harper Collins, 1991. Randel, Don Michael, ed. The New Harvard Dictionary of Music. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996. 14 Angels in the Wings support the Children’s Education Program of Performing Arts Forth Worth at Bass Performance Hall with gifts of $1,000 and above. The Children’s Education Program is an integral part of Bass Performance Hall but maintains its own support independent of Performing Arts Fort Worth. Each year, more than 70,000 students from Fort Worth ISD and North Texas experience superior quality performing arts programming at Bass Hall that is curriculum-related and free of charge because of the generosity of our Angels in the Wings. Visit us at http://www.basshall.com/childrens-education-program/the-program/ or call (817) 212-4311 for more information. Endowment Fund for the Children’s Education Program Judy & Paul Andrews Anne T. & Robert M. Bass Edward Perry Bass Foundation Nancy Lee Bass Memorial Fund Estate of Louise Hutcheson Terry Canafax Cornelia C. & Bayard H. Friedman Barney Lipscomb Rozanne & Billy Rosenthal Schollmaier Foundation Southwestern Exposition and Livestock Show Sponsors for the Children’s Education Program The Kathleen Connors Trust, PlainsCapital Bank, Trustee The Kleinheinz Family Foundation for the Arts and Education Leo Potishman Foundation Red Oak Foundation Sid W. Richardson Foundation The Walton Family Foundation Amon G. Carter Foundation Cami & John C. Goff The Lowe Foundation Anne & John Marion Steffen E. Palko Ann L. & Carol Green Rhodes Charitable Trust, Bank of America, N.A., Trustee Anonymous Arts Council of Fort Worth BNSF Railway Foundation City of Fort Worth Virginia Clay Dorman Garvey Texas Foundation GM Financial Priscilla & Joe Martin Mary Potishman Lard Trust Matthew & Lisa Rose Foundation Schollmaier Foundation Sodexo Sundance Square Texas Commission on the Arts T.J. Brown & C.A. Lupton Foundation Web Maddox Trust Elaine & Neils Agather American Airlines Community Foundation of North Texas J.W. Pepper & Son., Inc. Dione Kennedy & Daniel Hagwood North Texas Giving Day Fund of Communities Foundation of Texas Once Upon a Time … The Roach Foundation Julie & Joel Sawyer Thomas M., Helen McKee & John P. Ryan Foundation Sponsors for the Children’s Education Program (cont.) Wells Fargo Whataburger William E. Scott Foundation The Worthington Renaissance Hotel The Bass Charitable Corporation Ben E. Keith Foods Toni & Bill Boecker Central Market H-E-B Juana-Rosa & Ron Daniell Kim & Glenn Darden Everman ISD Mollie & Garland Lasater Charitable Fund of the Community Foundation of North Texas Mr. & Mrs. Harry Spring Jean & Bill Tucker Elena & Tom Yorio A M Pate Jr Charitable Trust, Bank of America, N.A., Trustee George Ann & Bill Bahan Jil & Brad Barnes Ed Bass Bayard & Cornelia Friedman Fund Ruth & Bobb Beauchamp Marilyn & Mike Berry Marjorie Black Judy & Martin Bowen Sue & Alan Buratto Debbie & Brent Burns Lucy J. Darden Andrew & Kathy DuBose The Michael Dunleavy, Jr. Family Dirk E. Eshleman Fash Foundation Fifth Avenue Foundation Linda & Mike Groomer Teresa & Luther King Marie & Bob Lansford Luther King Capital Management Letha Grace McCoy Pati & Bill Meadows Molyneaux Charitable Foundation Lynn & Nat O’Day William Oglesby Olive Pelich Mrs. Cecil Ray, Jr. Andrew & Lane Rhodes River Oaks Rebekah Lodge No. 467 Patricia H. Schutts Susie Schlegel Dee & Linda Steer Sara & Peter Sterling Charlene Watson Jeff & Rinda Wentworth Debra & John Willard