Download Copyright © 2014 Edmentum - All rights reserved. Chemistry Matter

Copyright © 2014 Edmentum - All rights reserved.
Chemistry Matter, atomic structure and periodic table Blizzard Bag 2014 - 2015
1. Calcium has atomic number of 20. Which of the following makes up a calcium–40 ion with
charge 2+?
A. 20 protons, 20 neutrons, 18 electrons
B. 20 protons, 22 neutrons, 18 electrons
C. 22 protons, 20 neutrons, 20 electrons
D. 22 protons, 18 neutrons, 20 electrons
E. 20 protons, 20 neutrons, 20 electrons
2. The atomic radius of lithium (Li) is 1.34 angstroms. What does this distance indicate about an
atom of lithium?
A. the distance an electron travels around the nucleus in 1 second
B. the approximate distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron
C. the distance across the nucleus
D. the average distance between the nucleus and any of the electrons
E. the average distance between any two electrons
3. Unidentified element X is a hard, shiny solid at room temperature, and it has a very high
melting point. It readily loses electrons to form three different ions: X +, X2+ and X3+.
Most likely, element X is a
A. metal in Group 1A.
B. nonmetal.
C. metalloid.
D. transition metal.
E. metal in Group 2A.
4. The following values are the first four ionization energies for an unidentified element.
I1 = 578 kJ/mol
I2 = 1817 kJ/mol
I3 = 2745 kJ/mol
I4 = 11,577 kJ/mol
What is the most likely identity of the element?
A. aluminum (Al), which typically forms Al3+ ions
B. chlorine (Cl), which typically forms Cl- ions
C. argon (Ar), a noble gas
D. magnesium (Mg), which typically forms Mg2+ ions
E. hydrogen (H), which may form H+ ions
5. Two or more liquids are described as miscible if they dissolve each other. A scientist wants to
use distillation to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids. What is necessary for this
procedure to succeed?
A. Both liquids must dissolve in water.
B. One liquid must chemically react with water, and the other must not.
C. The liquids must have distinct boiling points.
D. The liquids must have distinct freezing points.
E. One liquid must dissolve in water, and the other must not.
6. In every neutral atom, the number of protons always equals the number of
A. neutrons minus electrons.
B. electrons.
C. electrons plus or minus 1.
D. electrons plus neutrons.
E. neutrons.
7. British scientist J. J. Thomson studied cathode rays, which he concluded were streams of
particles. Today these particles are known as
A. photons.
B. alpha particles.
C. electrons.
D. neutrons.
E. protons.
8. As you move from potassium (K) to krypton (Kr) in the fourth period of the periodic table, the
elements will change from
A. metals to metalloids to nonmetals.
B. nonmetals to metals.
C. metals to nonmetals.
D. nonmetals to metalloids to metals.
E. metals to nonmetals to metalloids.
9. A student measures 2.5 g of sodium chloride (table salt), and then mixes it thoroughly in a
large beaker of water. Next, he boils away most of the water and lets the rest evaporate. The
student identifies the residue in the beaker as sodium chloride, and measures its mass to be 2.5
g.
In this example, sodium chloride was subjected to a ______ change, and water was subjected
to a ______ change.
A. physical; chemical
B. physical; physical
C. physical; physical and chemical
D. chemical; chemical
E. chemical; physical and chemical
10. Which of these values is smallest?
A. the number of known pure substances
B. the number of known elements
C. the number of known mixtures
D. the number of known atoms
E. the number of known compounds
11. Which of these processes separates a mixture according to the chemical properties rather
than the physical properties of the components of the mixture?
A. Passing a magnet through a mixture of cork pieces and iron filings.
B. Cutting away the fat and bone from a cooked steak.
C. Burning old wooden boards to recover the nails and screws embedded in them.
D. Pouring a mixture of green peas and water through a strainer.
E. Placing a mixture of cork pieces and iron filings into a bucket of water, then
skimming off the cork that floats on top.
12. The person who first proposed that matter was made of tiny, indivisible particles was
A.
Aristotle, an Ancient Greek philosopher.
B.
Democritus, an Ancient Greek philosopher.
C.
Niels Bohr, a Danish physicist.
D. Henri Becquerel, a French scientist.
E.
John Dalton, an English chemist.
13. A student is investigating the properties of sugar cubes. His activities involve crumbling the
sugar cubes, dissolving them in water, dripping food dye on them, and either increasing or
decreasing their temperature. At no time during the investigation does the sugar change into
another substance.
What properties of sugar is the student investigating?
A.
physical and chemical properties
B.
physical properties only
C.
intensive properties only
D. extensive properties only
E.
chemical properties only
14. The atomic weight of lithium is 6.941 amu. What best describes what this value measures?
A. the mass of the most common ion of lithium
B. the mass of every lithium atom in nature
C. the average mass of lithium-containing compounds
D. the mass of the most common isotope of lithium
E. the average mass of lithium atoms in nature
15. Which of the following elements has the most metallic character?
A. francium (Fr)
B. copper (Cu)
C. sodium (Na)
D. silicon (Si)
E. beryllium (Be)