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SYMBIOSIS • What is symbiosis? • What are the different kinds of symbiosis? • Examples What is symbiosis? Literal definition: the act of living together What it means: •Two organisms that live together •Temporarily or for a longer time •At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship PREDATION • Organism that captures, kills and eats another ( prey) Adaptations: sense of smell.eyesight web of spiders heat sensitive pit ofrattlesnakes Sharp teeth Tiger stripes Speed climbing Adaptations of Prey • • • • • Ability to flee quickly Hiding- camouflage Resembles other organisms Colorations Spines, thorns, foul odor Mimicry-harmless species looks/acts like harmful one Movie Examples • Example 1 9 minutes • Osprey hunting fish Physical adaptations are body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species. Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment. © A. Weinberg Physical adaptation Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding) The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings. Can you do that? Physical adaptation Mimicry (looking or sounding like another living organism) The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart? I’m the Viceroy! Not poisonous Poisonous I’m the Monarch! Herbivore eats plants • Plant Adaptations: Plant defense: Thorns, spines, sticky hares Chemical defense-poison, irritating needles, bad taste Medical use: morphine, atropine, codeine, What are the different kinds of symbiosis? Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism both organisms benefit one organism benefits one organism is unaffected one organism benefits one organism is harmed Parasitism • One benefits the other one harmed • • • • Parasites in the stomach Wasps and aphids Largest tapeworm: The largest ever recorded in a human being was, I believe, 20 m (about 66 feet Example 1: Acacia plant with ant galls Ants lay eggs on acacia tree Acacia covers the infected area with brown flesh Parasitism: one (gall) benefits, one is harmed Example 6: Taenia worm in human eye Worm infects human blood stream Human may go blind Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed Kinds of Parasites: • Ectoparasites: external parasite- tick, flea, lice leech, lamprey, mosquito • Endoparasite: bacteria, protists, tapeworms • Host Defense against a parasite: – Skin, tears, saliva, mucus, immune system – Adaptations: hooks, suckers, etc. C. Competition • 1. competitive exclusion • 2. character displacement • 3. resource partitioning D. Mutualism • Ex’s • Protozoan and termites • Plants and bees • Aphids and ants • More… Example 2: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal Mutualism: both benefit Example 5: Antelope with Oxbird Antelope gets rid of parasites Oxbird gets a meal Mutualism: both benefit E. Commensalism • Ex’s • Ex 2 • EX: • Spanish moss in trees Example 3: Cattle with cattle egrets Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass Egrets hang around and eat insects Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected Example 4: Clown fish with anemone Clown fish gets protection Anemone is unaffected Commensalism: one benefits, This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
