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Transcript
Take out your Lesson 9.3 Fact Finders. A. 400’s BC, Athens and Sparta were the most powerful Greek city-states 1. Leaders of Athens wanted more power over other Greek city-states 2. Leaders of Sparta feared Athens would become stronger than they were a. Led to a rivalry between the two B. Athens placed city-states of Delian League under an Athenian Empire 1. They received many tributes and treasury overflowed 2. Pericles used this to strengthen city’s defense walls a. Walls connected Athens to port of Piraeus b. Also invested money into the navy C. Sparta was alarmed by these actions 1. Tension turned to fighting that lasted 15 years 2. In about 445 B.C., both sides signed Thirty Years’ War Treaty Turn to pages 336 and 337 of your textbook and let’s observe an Athenian warship. A. 14 years later, Athens and Sparta began fighting again 1. Sparta invaded Attica, people fled to safety in the walls of Athens city 1. Spartan army destroyed the abandoned homes and crops 2. A plague broke out in Athens killing many, including Pericles B. Athens suffered through many leaders in the following years B. Sparta built up its navy and defeated the Athens in 405 B.C. 1. The Athenians surrendered to the Spartans a year later A. Spartans decided terms of peace 1. They broke up the Athenian Empire and limited it to 12 ships 2. Also ordered Athens to close the port of Piraeus and take down the city walls B. Sparta also took control of Athenian government 1. They replaced democracy with a dictatorship a. This is a government with absolute power B. This dictatorship was an oligarchy with 30 pro-Spartan aristocrats i. They were known as the Thirty Tyrants, due to their cruel rule ii. They threw former leaders in prison iii. Also killed many Athenians and forced many others into exile 2. Thirty Tyrants ignored Athenian laws and took citizens’ rights away A. Other Greek city-states helped Athenians by taking them in 1. In Thebes, an exiled Athenian General formed an army to regain Athens 2. Thebans helped them to regain the port of Piraeus a. The leader of the Thirty Tyrants was killed in the battle b. Other tyrants asked Sparta for help B. Sparta refused to help the Thirty Tyrants, and the Three Thousand regained control 1. They set out to restore democracy The Thirty Tyrants were overthrown, and the new leaders tried to restore Athenian democracy. Since many people still wanted strong leaders, Athenian democracy never fully recovered. A. Athens and Sparta had both suffered from years of fighting 1. Sparta tried to regain trade and power by conquering city-states under Persian Control B. Corinth, Athens, Argos formed the Corinthian Alliance in 375 BC 1. Sparta defeated the alliance C. Soon after, Athens and 70 other city-states allied with Thebes to defeat Sparta 1. In 371BC, the alliance defeated Sparta 2. Thebes freed Sparta’s helots and allowed them to form their own city-state, Messene D. Resentment towards Thebes’s power 1. Athens and its allies attacked Thebes but lost a. Theban leader was killed in battle b. Thebes lost power over Greece E. The city-states of Greece continued to fight over power 1. Competition for power and wealth led to conflicts a. This led Greece to become unstable What events led to a rivalry between Sparta and Athens? What did Pericles do to prepare Athens for war? Who were the Thirty Tyrants? How did Athens government change following its independence?