Download Physical Geology Lab

Physical Geology Lab
Name ____________________
Hour _____
Part ONE: Dynamic Earth
Earth‟s Structure
Name the Layer:
__________ The only liquid layer
__________ Only a few miles thick
(under oceans)
__________ Mostly solid iron and nickel
__________ Made of hot, semi-solid rock
__________ Semi-liquid zone in upper mantle
__________ Made of crust and a bit of mantle
__________ Thickest layer
Plate Tectonics
List 3 things that Alfred Wegener noticed that led to his theory of Continental Drift (which later
developed into the theory of Plate Tectonics):
 ____________________________________________________
 ____________________________________________________
 ____________________________________________________
What was Pangea? __________________________________________________________
Describe the modern theory of Plate Tectonics
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Continents Over Time
Teacher Check – (get your teacher to sign here)
Page 2
Plates & Boundaries
Identify the 3 main types of plate boundaries:
A____________________ Boundary … two plates pushing towards each other.
A____________________ Boundary … two plates moving apart from each other.
A____________________ Boundary … two plates slide past each other.
On the Map:
Label the 15 Major Plates
/
Lightly color each plate a different color
/
Outline the plate boundaries by type (see the map key)
Key
Red = Convergent Boundary
Yellow = Divergent Boundary
//// = Transform Boundary
Plates & Boundaries Challenge
Teacher Check – (get your teacher to sign here)
Page 3
Slip, Slide, Collide
Convergent Boundary Word Bank
Convergent Boundary – crustal plates that collide
What happens:
Ocean plate collides with Continental plate
Older plate dives beneath younger plate
 What happens:
 What forms:
Rock is crunched and folded
Ocean plate dives beneath continental
plate
Ocean plate collides with Ocean plate
What forms:
 What happens:
 What forms:
Mountain ranges
list all that apply
Ocean Trenches
Earthquakes
Continental Volcanoes
(volcanic arc)
Continental plate collides with Continental plate
Island Volcanoes (island arc)
 What happens:
 What forms:
Tsunamis
Divergent Boundary Word Bank
Divergent Boundary – crustal plates that spread
apart
What happens:
A valley-like rift develops
Two Ocean plates spreading apart
 What happens:
 What forms:
Sea Floor spreads apart
What forms:
list all that apply
Mid Ocean Ridge
Rift Valley
Two Continental plates spreading apart
 What happens:
 What forms:
Transform Boundary – two plates sliding past one another
 What happens:
 What forms:
Plate Interactions Challenge
Teacher Check
(get your teacher to sign here)
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Tsunamis
New Lake or Ocean
Transform Boundary Word Bank
What happens:
No clues available
What forms:
No clues available
Test Skills
Teacher Check
(get your teacher to sign here)
Page 4
Part TWO: interactive investigations
Continental Drift-
put Pangea together and show it to
Seismic Waves – how do
your teacher before clicking “reset”
seismic waves tell us the outer core
is a liquid while the hotter inner
core is a solid?
Teacher Check
(get your teacher to sign here)
Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Crustal Plates
Your conclusions:
Describing Earthquakes
Label these parts on the diagram and write a
definition for each:
Fault –
Plates Epicenter Focus Seismic waves -
What causes an Earthquake?
Earthquake Testing Zone
Run the simulator and observe the specific damage done by Earthquakes of different
magnitudes. Fill in the chart below by writing the magnitude (number) of an earthquake
that will result in the damaged described.
Magnitude
Damage Code
Damage Code
Description of Damage
_____
A
_____
B
_____
C
_____
D
_____
E
_____
F
_____
H
_____
I
H
Total destruction of buildings; some natural gas lines rupture.
_____
J
I
Total destruction of buildings; all natural gas lines rupture.
J
Total destruction of buildings; all gas lines rupture, car is tipped over.
A
No damage; only picked up on seismograph.
B
No damage; lamp in house swings.
C
No damage; lamp swings and ground shakes.
D
No damage; ground shakes and shutters rattle.
E
Structural damage; buildings begin to crack.
F
Structural damage; buildings crack, chimneys begin to break, trees break, shingles fall.
G
Significant structural damage; chimneys topple off roof, lamp posts break.
Page 5
Part THREE: Physical Geology Video Library
Use the Video Library along with parts 1 and 2 of the Physical Geology Lab to answer these questions.
Put your answers on the back or on another sheet.
If the questions seem difficult, that‟s O.K. , they‟re supposed to be.
Teacher Check
1. What are the deepest parts of the ocean, where are they located, and how do they form? Draw and
label a diagram.
2. How does heat inside the Earth power our planet‟s dynamic processes (plate movement, earthquakes,
volcanoes, mountain building, and formation of the atmosphere, weather and climate)? How is this heat
essential for life on Earth?
3. Why are we not able to make direct observations of the Earth‟s core? Describe some ways we learn
about the core of the Earth using laboratory models and seismic waves. What have we learned about the core?
4. The interior of the Earth contains more water than all of the oceans, lakes, rivers, snow, and ice on the
surface. It‟s true!! How can this be? How does it get there? How does it get back to the surface? What
would happen if all of that water came to the surface at once?
5. Compare and contrast: How are hot spot volcanoes
(such as the Hawaiian Islands)
and super volcanoes
(such as
at Yellowstone) similar and how are they different? Consider: how they formed / how they are useful / how they are
destructive / how they affect life on earth).
6. Landform Challenge: „Take the Earth Out for a Spin”
 Using Google Earth, give the globe a spin and click to stop it at some random location on Earth.
 Record:
Longitude ___________ , Latitude ___________, and Elevation ___________
 Which of the 15 major crustal plates are you in? ________________________________
(Be sure to describe your location within the plate (middle of plate/edge of plate/etc)
 Which types of landform(s) are at your location? (mountains/plains/desert/etc)
 Describe the landform(s) in detail
 How did this major landform “form”? What geologic processes were involved? (see Quest. 2)
 How might this landform change over the next 100 million years?
Examples of Major Landforms: (you may need to “Google” them for more details)
Mountain Ranges / Volcanic mountains / Plateaus / River Valley / Plains / Valleys / Deserts / Glacier /
Waterfall / Sound / Strait / Gulf / Fjord / Canyon / Cove / Cave / Ocean / Sea / Mid-ocean Ridge / Ocean
Basin / Ocean Trench / Ocean Plateau / Continental Shelf / Abyssal Plain / Island / Volcanic Island Arc