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EMPACTS Lesson Plan Plate Tectonics -Grade 4 Team -Kylie Ford (Lesson Plan) -Betty Szekely (Power Point) Instructor -Professor Dianne Phillips Honors Geology Kylie Ford, Betty Szekely EMPACTS Project, Honors Geology, Spring 2016 Northwest Arkansas Community College, Bentonville, Arkansas EMPACTS Lesson Plan Title: Graham Cracker Plate Tectonics Level: 4th grade Time: approximately1 hour Materials: One box of graham crackers (depending on how many students) 1 paper plate per group of students (4 students each) 2 containers of cool whip 1 dot of red and yellow food coloring in each container (premixed before lesson) 1 cup of water per group 1 paperclip per group Vocabulary: -Earth’s mantle: the layer of the -earthquake: a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action. -Transform boundary: where two plates grind past each other by moving in opposite directions. -divergent boundary: where two plates move away from each other -convergent boundary: where two plates move towards each other, either forming mountains or a subduction zone. -subduction zone: where a tectonic plate moves beneath another. Learning Objectives: earth below the crust. -Earths crust: The outer most layer is hard and surrounds the Earth like a shell. -plate tectonics: The Earth’s crust is cracked into big pieces called tectonic plates. These plates fit together like a puzzle surrounding the Earth. Students will learn about the Earth’s surface – mantle and crust, how mountains and other landforms are created. Students will learn how earthquakes happen because of plate tectonics and plate boundaries. Students will learn the difference between the plate boundaries and what they do to the Earth and surface of the Earth, and give examples of landforms created. Students will learn how plate boundaries cause earthquakes, volcanic activity, and other changes to the Earth’s surface. Kylie Ford, Betty Szekely EMPACTS Project, Honors Geology, Spring 2016 Northwest Arkansas Community College, Bentonville, Arkansas EMPACTS Lesson Plan Standards: -ESS.9.4.1 Analyze changes to the Earth’s surface: erosion glaciation weathering earthquakes volcanic activity Background: Students should have a general knowledge of the layers of the Earth, but we will also be reviewing. Preparation: Approximately 10 mins -make sure each group has a paper plate with the cool whip mantle spread on it - premixed with food coloring - and 4 whole graham crackers, broken in half (one for each boundary), and a cup of water. -write the vocabulary words on the board for later use. Procedure: Explain to the class that we will be discussing plate tectonics and boundaries. Explain that the Earth is made of many different layers. Say “the outer most layer of the Earth is hard and surrounds the Earth like a shell, called the Earth’s crust. The crust is broken into pieces called tectonic plates and they fit together like a puzzle all around the Earth.” Then go on to explain the Earth’s mantle. Say “under the layer of crust is the mantle and it can flow like liquid when hot enough and with enough pressure, causing the tectonic plates to move, causing mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes.” Explain to the students that they are going to do an activity together. Explain that they will be demonstrating how the plate tectonics move, using graham crackers as the crust and cool whip as the mantle. Say “where the crusts meet is called plate boundaries, and that is what we will be demonstrating today.” Have them split into their groups, asking them to not touch the experiment materials until given instructions. Tell the students that we will be discussing four boundaries – Transform, Divergent, Convergent, and Subduction. Have each student designate which boundary they would like to demonstrate. Explain that the first boundary we will be discussing is a Transform Boundary. Point to the definition on the board and say “a Transform Boundary occurs when two plate boundaries grind each other, Kylie Ford, Betty Szekely EMPACTS Project, Honors Geology, Spring 2016 Northwest Arkansas Community College, Bentonville, Arkansas EMPACTS Lesson Plan moving in opposite directions.” Ask the student that is demonstrating this boundary to do it by gently push their crackers together then slowly slide one up and the other down. Ask them to pay close attention to how the plates feel against each other. Have them repeat in the opposite direction. Ask them to explain what was happening to their graham crackers. Say “as pressure builds, the plates slip, releasing energy and causing an earthquake” Explain that the San Andrea’s fault is an example of a Transform Boundary. Have the student doing Divergent boundaries examine the cracker, and if needed get a new one. Explain that a Divergent Boundary is where the two plates move away from each other. Have the student demonstrating gently push down on each graham cracker plate while pulling them apart. Ask the student what happened? Say “most active divergent boundaries occur where two oceanic plates move away from each other. Hot magma (lava underground) flows up where the plates separate, forming large underwater lava flows and creating new sea floor and even volcanic islands.” occur when two plates move toward each other causing them to collide, forming mountains or a subduction zone.” Explain that for this one, we will be making them form “mountains.” Have the student demonstrating grab a new graham cracker and soak the tips into water for about 15 seconds before demonstrating a convergent boundary. Have the students place the soggy ends facing one another, then gently push the two plates together. They should slowly fold up on each other. Explain that this is how the Himalayan Mountains were formed. Have the last student grab a new graham cracker to demonstrate a Subduction Zone. Say “a Subduction Zone occurs when a more dense oceanic plate is thrust under a less dense continental plate. Have the student gently press one graham cracker down under the other. To demonstrate volcanic activity, the student can pike holes in the less dense continental crust parallel to the subduction zone, using a paper clip. This should cause the “magma” to ooze up through the fissure, creating a volcanic mountain range like the Cascade Range. Ask if the students have any questions, and answer accordingly. Next is Convergent Boundaries. Say “Convergent are the final type of boundary and they Kylie Ford, Betty Szekely EMPACTS Project, Honors Geology, Spring 2016 Northwest Arkansas Community College, Bentonville, Arkansas EMPACTS Lesson Plan Lesson Reflection: Ask the students: -which plate boundary causes the crust to grind against each other as they move past each other in opposite directions? (Transform) -ask which plate boundary causes the crust to move away from one another? (Divergent) -ask which plate boundary causes the crust to collide, causing mountains to form? (Convergent) -ask what happens in a Subduction Zone? (denser oceanic plates thrust under less dense continental plate) Assessment: The foldable compares and contrasts the three types of plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform. Students cut out the cover cards and glue them onto the front of a three flap shutter fold foldable. Then, students sort the inside facts and glue them to the appropriate category. The foldable also includes space on the cover for students to create their own diagrams, as well as an illustration of each plate boundary for the inside. (assessment attached) Resources: Teachers Dictionary.com PayTeachers.complaydoughtoPlato. com Kylie Ford, Betty Szekely EMPACTS Project, Honors Geology, Spring 2016 Northwest Arkansas Community College, Bentonville, Arkansas