Download Ch 12 SEC 1 Ch 16 Sec 1 Stu 2009

World History Modern Times Chapter Twelve
Cold War and Post War Changes – 1945-1970 Sec 1
Name:_________________________________ Period:______ Row:______ Score:______
SECTION ONE: Development of the Cold War
1. Once the _____________________ Powers were ___________________, the differences between
the United States and the _____________________________________ became clear.
2. Stalin still feared the _______________________ West, while the United States and other Western
leaders feared ______________________________.
3. Because of a need to feel _________________________ on its western border, the Soviet
______________________ was not prepared to give up its _______________________
of ______________________ Europe after Germany’s defeat.
4. American leaders were not ___________________ to give up the____________________ and
__________________the United States had gained throughout the ____________________.
5. Between 1945 and 1949, a number of _________________ led the two _____________________
(countries whose ________________ power is combined with _________________ influence)
to ___________________ each other.
6. The United States and _______________________ believed that the ________________ nations
of Eastern Europe should _________________ determine their own _________________.
7. Stalin, fearful that the Eastern European nations would be _______________________ if they were
permitted free ____________________, opposed the _________________________ plans.
8. A civil war in ______________ created another area of conflict between the __________________.
The Communist People’s _________________ Army and _______________________ forces
(supported by Great Britain) were fighting each other for control of _______________ in 1946.
9. The United States, _______________ by the possibility of Soviet ____________________ into the
eastern ______________________, responded in early 1947 with the __________________.
10. The Truman Doctrine stated that the United States would provide ________________ to countries
__________________________ by __________________________ expansion.
11. If the Soviets were not ___________ in Greece, the ____________ argument ran, then the United
States would have to face the spread of ______________ throughout the ___________ world.
12. The Truman Doctrine was followed in June 1947 by the European _________________ Program,
better known as the ______________________.
13. The Marshall Plan was designed to _____________ the _____________ and _____________ of
war-torn Europe. It included $13 ___________ in aid for Europe’s ______________ recovery.
14. Underlying the Marshall Plan was the belief that Communist ________________________ was
_________________ in countries where there were _____________________ problems.
15. The Soviets saw the Marshall Plan as an attempt to ___________ the ___________ of countries.
16. In 1949, the Soviet Union _____________________ to the Marshall Plan by founding the Council
for __________________ Economic _________________ _________ (COMECON) for the
economic cooperation of the Eastern _________________________ states.
17. COMECON largely ________________, however, because the Soviet Union was _____________
to provide the necessary ____________________ aid.
18. In July 1947, a policy of ________________ to keep communism within its existing ____________
and prevent further Soviet ____________________ moves became U.S. ___________.
19. At the end of the war, the Allied Powers had ________________ Germany into _______________
zones, each ________________________ by one of the Allies—the United States, the Soviet
Union, Great Britain, and ______________________.
20. ___________, located deep inside the Soviet zone, was also __________ into _________ zones.
21. By February 1948, Great Britain, __________________, and the United States were making plans
to ___________________ the three Western sections of ________________(and Berlin) and
create a West _________________________ government.
22. The Soviets opposed the _________________ of a separate West German state. They attempted
to _________________ it by mounting a _____________________ of West Berlin.
23. Food and __________ could no longer get through to the 2.5 million people in these __________.
1 24. The Western powers faced a ________________. No one wanted World War III, but how could
the people in the Western __________________ of _______________ be kept alive, when
the whole city was inside the ____________________ zone?
25. The solution was the ___________________—supplies would be ___________ in by American
and British airplanes. For over 10 months, more than 200,000 ______________ carried 2.3
million tons of ____________________ into the zone.
26. The Soviets, who also wanted to avoid _______________________, finally gave in and lifted the _
___________________ in May 1949.
27. In September 1949, the Federal ___________________________ of Germany, or West Germany,
was ____________________________ created.
28. Less than a month later, a separate East German state, the German _______________________
Republic, was set up by the ______________________.
29. East ______________ became that nation’s capital. Berlin, was now ________________ into two
parts, a reminder of the division of ______________________ and ________________.
30. In 1949, _________________ Communists took control of the government in ________________,
strengthening U.S. fears about the spread of _________________________.
31. The Soviet Union ___________________ its first atomic bomb in 1949. The United States and the
Soviet Union were involved in a growing ______________________, in which both countries
built up their armies and _____________________.
32. Nuclear weapons became increasingly _______________________. Both sides believed that an
___________________ of nuclear weapons would ____________________ war. This policy
became known as Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD).
33. The Cold War led to the formation of new military ____________________________.
34. The North Atlantic __________________ Organization (NATO) was formed in April 1949 when
_________________, Luxembourg, ______________, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Italy,
______________, Norway, Portugal, and ______________ signed a treaty with the United
States and Canada.
35. In 1955, the Soviet Union joined with Albania, ______________________, Czechoslovakia, East
Germany, Hungary, _____________________, and Romania in a formal military alliance
known as the __________________________________.
36. Europe was once again divided into hostile ______________________ systems, just as it had
been before ____________________________.
World History Modern Times Chapter Sixteen
Cold War and Post War Changes Ch 16 – Section 1 (page 714)
SECTION ONE: The Korean War (page 714)
37. From 1905 until 1945, Korea was a part of the ____________________________________ Empire.
38. As World War II was ending, the _____________________ army was positioned in the north of
____________________, and the U.S. army was in the ________________________.
39. When the Japanese surrendered in August 1945, the Soviets and the Americans
agreed to ________________________ Korea into two ________________________ along
the 38th parallel and to hold elections later to ________________________ Korea.
40. In Korea two separate governments emerged: a ____________________________ one in the north,
and an anti-_____________________________ one in the south.
41. With the approval of ____________________________, North Korean troops invaded South Korea
on June 25, 1950.
42. The _____________________________ then approved President Harry Truman’s decision to send
American troops to repel the ______________________________ forces.
43. Alarmed at the UN forces advance, the Chinese sent hundreds of thousands
of Chinese troops into___________________________ and pushed UN forces back across the
___________________________. 2 44. Three more years of fighting produced no final ________________________________.
45. An _________________________ was finally signed in 1953 and the 38th parallel remained the
boundary line between North and South Korea.
46. North Korea’s government continues to pour money into the ________________________ while the
country’s ________________________ situation grows worse.
47. As many as two million ________________________ may have died as a result of ____________
shortages since the mid-1990
World History Modern Times Chapter Twelve
Cold War and Post War Changes – 1945-1970 Sec 1 (PAGE 586)
SECTION ONE: Development of the Cold War (CONTINUED)
48. The Korean War began in 1950 as an attempt by the _________________ government of North
Korea, which was allied with the ______________________, to take over South Korea. The
Korean War ____________________ American fears of ___________________ expansion.
49. More determined than ever to ___________ Soviet power, the United States ___________ its
Military _________________ around the world.
50. To stem Soviet _____________________ in the East, the United States, Great Britain, France,
_______________, Thailand, the Philippines, _______________, and New Zealand formed
the Southeast _______________________ Treaty Organization (SEATO).
51. The _________________ Treaty Organization (CENTO), which included _______________, Iraq,
Iran, Pakistan, Great Britain, and the United States, was meant to _____________________
the Soviet Union from _____________________ to the south.
52. The _________________ Race: the early 1950s, the Soviet Union and the United States
developed the even more deadly ___________________ bomb. By the mid-1950s, both had
intercontinental ____________________________ missiles (ICBMs) capable of sending
_________________________ anywhere.
53. Security soon took the form of __________________. This policy held that huge ______________
of nuclear ____________________________ on both sides ______________________ war.
54. The belief was that neither side would _______________ a nuclear attack because the other side
would be able to ____________________ back with _________________________ power.
55. In 1957, the Soviets sent ___________________, the first human made space ______________,
to orbit the earth. New ________________________ seized the American public. Was there a
“____________________________ gap” between the United States and the Soviet Union?
56. Nikita ___________________ emerged as the new _____________________ of the Soviet Union
in 1955, realized that many East Germans, tired of Communist ______________________,
managed to escape East Germany by ____________________ through West ___________.
57. In August 1961, the _____________ German government began to build a wall _______________
West Berlin from East Berlin. Eventually it became a massive ________________ guarded by
_________________ wire, _______________, machine-gun towers, ________________, and
vicious dog patrols.
58. The Berlin Wall became a striking _____________________ of the division between the two
_________________________.
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