Download Grade 9 Science Unit 1 Review.notebook

Grade 9 Science Unit 1 Review.notebook
March 23, 2015
Write a useless description for each of the following
terms.
Matter: anything that has mass and volume
Theory: less well supported than a law.
Element: substances that contain one type of matter and cannot
be broken down or separated into simpler substances.
Period: horizontal rows on the periodic table
Valence Energy Level : the outter most energy level.
Physical Change: a change in the appearance of a substance; the
bonds holding the atoms together have NOT been broken and
NO new bonds have been made (no new substance has formed)
Physical Properties: characteristics of matter that are often
observed or measured.
Law: most laws are supported by different and robust
experimental evidence.
Atomic Number: this number represents the number of protons
in an atom. It also represents the number of electrons.
Family: the vertical columns on the periodic table
Valence Electrons: electrons in the outter most energy level.
1
Grade 9 Science Unit 1 Review.notebook
March 23, 2015
Chemical Changes: produce NEW substances with NEW
properties; may or not be noticeable. New bonds are formed
while old ones are broken.
Chemical Properties: observed when substances react with
each other.
Atom: the basic unit of a chemical element
Atomic Mass: the weight of an atom
Energy Level: the levels which electrons are in (2,8,8,18)
Compound: a pure substance made of two or more kinds of
elements combined in fixed proportions
2
Grade 9 Science Unit 1 Review.notebook
March 23, 2015
2. Name five physical properties of elements:
Colour,
Malleability
Lustre
Conductivity
Boiling/melting point
Texture
Magnetism
Density
3. Name three chemical properties of elements:
Reactivity
Combustibility
Toxicity.
4. Describe briefly what each of these people contributed to
the development of the current atomic theory.
Early Greeks
Empedocles: matter was composed of four "elements" earth,
air, wind and fire.
Democritus: eventually a substance will be cut into a piece
that can no longer be cut. He called this piece "atomos"
Aristotle: OMIT
John Dalton: Suggested that particles that make up matter
are like small, hard spheres that are different for different
elements - Billiard Ball Model.
J.J. Thomson: Suggested all atoms contain electrons Raisin Bun Model.
Ernst Rutherford: Discovered atoms have a nucleus. There are
two kinds of particles in the nucleus; protons (+) and neutrons
(0) - Planetary Model.
Niels Bohr: Proposed electrons surround the nucleus in specific
energy levels/shells - Bohr Model - 2, 8, 8, 18
3
Grade 9 Science Unit 1 Review.notebook
March 23, 2015
5. What did Mendeleev contribute to chemistry?
Organized known elements according to properties and
characteristics.
Recognizing the need to leave spaces for elements not yet
discovered.
6. Complete the following table to describe the subatomic
particles.
7. Identify these groups on the Periodic Table: metals,
non-metals, metalloids, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals,
halogens, noble gases, transition metals.
4
Grade 9 Science Unit 1 Review.notebook
March 23, 2015
8. List four properties of metals and non-metals.
Metals:
- shiny
- malleable
- ductile
- usually solid
- good conductors of heat/electricity
Non-Metals:
- tend to be gases or brittle solids
- dull
- non-malleable
- non-ductile
- poor conductors of heat/electricity
9. Draw Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for elements 1, 6, 15, and 18.
5
Grade 9 Science Unit 1 Review.notebook
March 23, 2015
10. Describe two properties which each of these families of
elements share.
Nobel Gases: Family 18
- very stable
- un-reactive
- all gases
Alkali Metals: Family 1
- highly reactive with halogens
- reactive with oxygen and water
- low melting points
- soft
Halogens: Family 17
- non-metals
- highly reactive
Alkaline Earth Metals: Family 2
- less reactive than alkali metals
- burn in air if heated
- produce bright flames
- react with water
11. What is the maximum number of electrons that exist in the
first three energy levels?
2, 8, 8
6
Grade 9 Science Unit 1 Review.notebook
March 23, 2015
12. How can you tell if a compound is made up of ionic bonds or
covalent bonds?
Ionic: The compound will consist of a METAL and NON-METALS.
Atoms will gain or lose electrons to form ions. Metals will lose
electrons while non-metals will gain them.
Covalent: The compound will consist of TWO NON-METALS. Atoms
will share electrons in pairs.
13. Identify whether each of these compounds are ionic or
covalent:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Phosphorous triiodide
Lithium iodide
Chlorine dioxide
Silver bromide
Covalent
Ionic
Covalent
Ionic
7
Grade 9 Science Unit 1 Review.notebook
March 23, 2015
15. Name these compounds:
NaI
Sodium iodide
SCl4 Sulfer tetrachloride
P4 S5 Tetraphosphorous pentasulfide
K2 0 Potassium oxide
Li2 Cl Lithium chloride
NO Nitrogen monoxide
BeO Beryllium oxide
CO Carbon monoxide
8
Grade 9 Science Unit 1 Review.notebook
March 23, 2015
16. Name 5 signs that a chemical change may have occured.
1. Color change
2. Heat, light, sound produced or consumed
3. Gas bubbles released
4. A precipitate formed
5. Difficult to reverse
17. Identify whether each of these is a physical or chemical
change and give a reason for your answer.
(a) A half eaten apple turns brown when left on the table
(b) Carrots are cut into small pieces
(c) Two clear colourless liquids are combined and the mixture
turns cloudy.
(d) When water is heated it disappears.
(e) When a piece of metal is put into acid and the mixture gets
hot and bubbles form.
(f) When cherry Kool-Aid powder is mixed into water and the
soltiion turns red.
9
Grade 9 Science Unit 1 Review.notebook
March 23, 2015
10