Download Unit 5 ELECTRICITY 6

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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
1. ELECTRICITY
We uses enery everyday, we transfer energy in lots of
ways every day. When a room is dark, we switch on
the light. The light bulb transfers energy to the room.
Electricity is a type of energy that can build up
in one place or flow from one place to another. When
electricity is in one place is called as static electricity
(the word static means something that does not
When a room is dark we switch
on the light
move); electricity that moves from one place to
another is called current electricity.
1.2. Electrical charges
There are two types of electrical charge:
positive and negative. Negative charges can move
from one place or an object to another.
Objects have positive and negative charges.
•
If an object has more negative than positive
charges, it is negatively charged.
•
If an object has more positive than negative
charges, it is positively charged.
•
If an object has the same number of positive
and negative charges, it is neutral.
Objects with opposite charges attract each
Objects with opposite charges
attract each other. Objects with
the same charges repel each
other
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other, on the contrary, objects with the same
charges repel each other.
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
1.3. Static Electricity
Static electricity often happens when we rub things
together. When we rub an object with something made
from a different material, we make electrical charges
move, creating static electricity. Static electricity occurs
with materials which are insulators.
For example, if we rub a balloon onto our hair,
negative charges move from our hair onto the balloon. Our
hair becomes positively charged and the balloon becomes
When we rub an object with
something made from a
different material static
electricity is created
negatively charged.
en
•
Electricity is a type of energy that can build up in one place or flow from
one place to another.
•
There are two types of electricity: static and current electricity.
•
There are two types of electrical charge: positive and negative.
•
Objects with opposite charges attract each other, on the contrary, objects
with the same charges repel each other.
•
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Static electricity often happens when you rub things together.
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ACTIVITIES
1. Draw on your notebook and colour to:
Attract
Repel
2. Complete with the words of the box
negatively
repel
neutral
positively
attract
Objects with the same charges ……………….. each other.
If an object has more positive charges than negative charges, it is …………………
charged.
If an object has more negative charges than positive charges, it is …………………
charged.
If an object has the same number of positive and negative charges, it is
…………………………….
Objects with opposite charges ……………….. each other.
3. Read and complete the text.
Electricity is a type of ……… that can build up in one place or flow from one
place to another. We can difference two types of electricity: ……….. electricity and
static electricity. With respect to charges, there ………. also two types: positive and
……….. . An object is charged positively when has more ………… than negative
charges, on the contrary an object is charged ………. when has more negative than
positive charges. ……….. electricity happens when we rub things together. Static
electricity occurs with materials which are ………… .
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2. Electrical current
Electrical current is the flow of electrical
charges. It transmits energy called electricity.
When electrons move, they carry electrical
energy from one place to another. This is called
current electricity or an electric current. A
lightning bolt is one example of an electric
current.
•
Electric current passes easily through some
materials.
These
materials
are
conductors.
Many metals (iron, copper, steel, aluminium…)
and water are good conductors.
•
Electric current does not pass easily through
Wires are made up of
conductors (copper) and
insulators (plastic)
other materials: air, rubber, glass, plastic and
wood. These materials are insulators.
Conductors
good conductors of electricity
metals
Insulators
bad conductors of electricity
air rubber,
plastic, glass
3. Electric circuits
An electric circuit is a set of different
components which are connected each
other to allow the flow of an electrical
current.
The main components of an electric
circuit are: a generator, an electrical
component, wires and a switch.
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•
Generator: is the source of electricity, for example a battery.
•
Electrical component: such as a light bulb or a motor.
•
Wires.
•
A switch which control the flow of electrical current.
switch
wires
generator
electrical component
3.1. Types of electric circuits
There are two types of basic circuits are open and closed.
•
A closed circuit allows the movement of electrical
energy.
•
An open circuit does not allow the electric current
to flow.
The two types of closed circuits are parallel and series.
•
In a parallel circuit, there are two or more
pathways for electric current to flow. If one pathway is
opened, the other one still works.
•
In a series circuit, there is only one pathway for
electricity. If it is open the flow of current stops.
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
Series circuit
•
Parallel circuit
Electrical current is the flow of electrical charges. It transmits energy
called electricity.
•
Conductors are good conductors of electricity, insulators are bad
conductors of electricity.
•
An electric circuit is a set of different components which are connected
each other to allow the flow of an electrical current, the components are:
generator, wires, switch and an electrical component.
•
There are two types of basic circuits, open and closed. The two
types of closed circuits are: parallel and series.
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ACTIVITIES
4. Read and write, true (T) or false (F)
A closed circuit does not allow the electric current to flow.
Conductors are materials that electrical energy moves through easily.
Insulators are materials that allow electric current to pass easily.
The main components of an electric circuit are: a generator, an electrical
component, wires and a car.
Examples of insulators are: plastic, rubber and water.
5. Change the false sentences into true sentences.
6. Read and match.
1. closed circuit
A. is the source of electricity.
2. series circuit
B. occurs when we rub an object with
something made from a different material.
3. open circuit
C. a circuit with two or more pathways for
electric current to flow.
4. insulators
D. controls the flow of electrical current.
5. parallel circuit
E. is the flow of electrical charges.
6. electrical current
F. are good conductors of electricity.
7. switch
G. allows the movement of electrical energy.
8. conductors
H. does not allow the electric current to flow.
9. generator
I. are bad conductors of electricity.
10. Static electricity
J. is a circuit with only one pathway for
electricity.
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7. Draw a circuit with its components in your notebook.
8. Look at the pictures. Write their names. Are they conductors or insulators?
•
1
2
5
6
3
4
7
8
Never stick scissors, pens, fingers or anything else into a
mains socket.
•
Never touch switches with wet hands.
•
Never use electrical appliances near water.
•
Always hold the plastic part of a plug when plugging in and
unplugging appliances.
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4. MAGNETISM
A
phenomenon
apparently
related
to
electricity
is
magnetism. We are familiar with magnetism through the
interaction of compasses with the earth’s magnetic field, or
through fridge magnets or magnets on children’s toys.
Mineral Magnetite
Magnets can be natural, as the mineral magnetite, or
artificial, such as different magnets manufactured from metal.
A magnet is any object that has a magnetic field
Magnetic forces are explained very similar to electric
forces, there are two types of magnetic poles, called North and
South.
•
Like poles repel.
•
Opposite poles attract.
Magnetic forces are
explained similar to
electric forces
4.1. Magnetic fields
Magnets create magnetic fields. A magnetic
field is the space around a magnet where materials,
such as iron filings, are affected by magnetic forces.
A magnetic field
4.2. The uses of magnets
Magnets are used to make electric motors and
generators. Without these electric motors and
generators we would not have telephones, lights,
electric heat, television, or computers.
We classify magnets according to their use:
•
Electromagnets: they are used in
televisions, computer monitors and microphones.
•
Magnetic strips: in credit cards.
•
Magnetic recording media: they are used in
radio cassettes, floppy disks and hard disks.
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•
Magnets can be natural or artificial.
•
There are two types of magnetic poles, called North and South. Like
poles repeal and opposite poles attract.
•
Magnets create magnetic fields. A magnetic field is the space around a
magnet where materials are affected by magnetic forces.
•
According to their use we can classify magnets into: electromagnets,
magnetic strips and magnetic recording media.
ACTIVITIES
9. How can you be careful with electricity? Put in order and write sentences.
•
fingers stick your mains Never socket or metal objects into a.
•
switches touch hands with wet Never.
•
use Never near appliances electrical water.
•
part Always plastic hold the of plug a.
10. Read and write the correct word from the box.
cards
televisions
generators
field
magnetic field
natural
South
recording
•
Magnetics scrips are used in credit …………….
•
Magnets can be …………. and artificial.
•
A magnet is an object that has a magnetic ………….
•
There are two of magnetic poles: North and …………..
•
Magnets are used in electric motors and …………..
•
Radio cassettes, floppy disks or hard disks use magnetic ………….. media
•
…………….is the space around a magnet where some materials, such as iron
filings, are affected by magnetic forces.
•
Electromagnets are used in ……………… , computer monitors or
microphones.
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11.
Complete the table on your notebook. Classify these magnets.
Electromagnets
Floppy disk
magnetic strip
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Magnetic strips
video cassetted
Computer monitor
speakers
Magnetic recording media
memory card
microphone
television
hard disk
credit card
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5. ELECTRICITY
5.1. Electricity production
Human beings need to generate electricity lo
live better. Electricity is produced at power plants or
power stations.
How is electricity generated?
Water, steam or wind moves a turbine that is
Coal station. Coal is used to
produce energy
connected to a generator, when the turbine rotates,
the generator transforms mechanical energy into
electricity, using a magnetic field and a conductor.
We use different energy sources to move the
turbine. Some power stations use non-renewable
energies (coal, petrol….) and others use renewable
energies (wind, water or sun).
Solar station.
Sunlight is used to produce
energy
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5.2. Electricity production
The generated electricity at power stations is
transmitted through conducting wires to substations
near populated areas or villages.
It is transmitted through tall towers called
high-tension power transmission lines.
A high tension power
transmission line
5.3. Electricity distribution and consumption
The electricity is distributed through power
lines to industries, houses, offices and other places.
Electricity produce different forms of energy:
•
Heat energy: radiators, toaster…
•
Light energy: televisions, lamps…
•
Sound energy: mobile phones, radio
cassettes, televisions…
•
Applicances that use different
forms of energy
•
Movement energy: cars, whisk mixer,
train…
Electricity is generated through a turbine that is connected to a
generator, when the turbine rotates, the generator transforms mechanical
energy into electricity, using a magnetic field and a conductor.
•
Electricity is transmitted through tall towers called high-tension power
transmission lines.
•
Electricity is used by different appliances to produce: heat, movement,
light an sound.
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6. HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO
ELECTRICITY
Benjamin Franklin was a respected
statesman and scientist. His scientific
experiments proved that lightning is a form of
electricity. Franklin also helped develop the
lightning rod, a device used to protect buildings
from damage during electric storms.
Thomas Edison invented the incandescent
light and the phonograph. He made
improvements to the telephone, typewriter,
electric generator, and electrically powered train.
He designed the world’s first electric power
stations, thereby making electric power available
to millions.
Michael Faraday was a British physicist
and chemist who discovered the principle of
electromagnetic induction in 1831. He found that
moving a magnet through a coil of copper wire
caused an electric current to flow in the wire
(induction). The electric generator and electric
motor are based on this principle
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ACTIVITIES
12.
Explain. How is electricity generated?
13. Read and tick
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. Renewable or non renewable energy.
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14.
Read and match.
1. Solar
A. heat from within the Earth
2. Coal
B. energy coming from the sun
3. Wind
C. oil from the Earth
4. Nuclear
D. air in motion.
5. Biomass
E. energy from moving water
6. Petroleum
F. a sedimentary rock composed mainly of
carbon
7. Natural gas
G. organic materials made from plants and
animals
8. Geothermal
H. energy in the nucleus of a atom
9. Hydropower
I. methane from the Earth
15.
What type of energy do they produce? Classify.
toaster
television
radio
computer
train
hairdryer
Washing machine
radiator
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oven
lamp
mixer
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16.
What did they invented? Make sentences. Use Internet if necessary.
Benjamin Franklin
•
17.
Thomas Edison
Benjamin Franklin invented……………..
Classify in renewable or non-renewable energies.
petroleum
solar
biomass
natural gas
RENEWABLE ENERGY
18.
19.
Michael Faraday
geothermal
nuclear
wind
coal
hydropower
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
What can you do to save energy? Use these webpages
•
http://www.ecohusky.uconn.edu/dormtips.htm
•
http://www.ecomall.com/greenshopping/20things.htm
•
http://www.nrdc.org/air/energy/genergy.asp
Ask to your classmate.
QUESTIONS
YOUR CLASSMATE ANSWERS
Ask about his/her name
Ask about his/her age
Ask about where he/she lives
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Ask about appliances that use
electricity
Ask about appliances that use
batteries
20.
Draw a series and a parallel circuit on your notebook. Write the name of
the components.
21.
Put the letters in order and find the word.
1. ATCSIT
2. PLERE
3. TATRACT
4. TUCORDCON
5. LASUINTOR
6. AETNMG
7. RECNTUR
8. EOLP
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22. Name these objects. Do they use electricity or a battery?
computer
Example: lamp
electricity
_______________
______________
_______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
23.
Choose the correct answer. Final test!!
1. When electricity is in one place is called…
a) Current electricity
b) Static electricity
c) Parallel electricity
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2. When electricity moves from one place to another is called…
a) Magnetism
b) Static electricity
c) Current electricity
3. If an object has more negative than positive charges…
a) It is positively charged
b) It is negatively charged
c) It is neutral
4. Objects with opposite charges…
a) Repel each other
b) Play each other
c) Attract each other
5. Static electricity often happens…
a) When we join two metals
b) When we rub an object with something made from a different
material
c) When we rub two conductor materials
6. Static electricity occurs with materials which are…
a) Conductors
b) Insulators
c) Magnets
7. Insulators are…
a) Good conductors of electricity
b) Bad conductors of electricity
c) Materials that attract other materials
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8. Copper is a…
a) Insulator material
b) Conductor material
c) Type of magnet
9. An electric circuit is…
a) Different materials which do not allow the flow of an electrical
current
b) a high tension power plant
c) a set of different components which are connected each other to
allow the flow of an electrical current
10.
The components of an electric circuit are…
a) rubber, plastic and wood
b) A generator, an electrical component, wires and a switch
c) A magnet, wires, motor and a computer
11.
Rubber, plastic and wood are…
a) Insulator materials
b) Conductors materials
c) Neutral materials
12.
A closed circuit allows…
a) The movement of energy sources
b) The attraction of two materials
c) The movement of electrical energy
13.
There are two types of closed circuits…
a) Open and closed circuits
b) Parallel and series circuits
c) Magnets and current circuits
14.
In a parallel circuit…
a) There are two or more pathways for electric current to flow
b) There is only a pathway
c) There is not any pathway
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15.
A magnet is…
a) An object composed of an insulator material
b) A component of an electric circuit
c) An object that has a magnetic field
16.
A magnetic field is…
a) An object that has magnetic properties
b) the space around a magnet where materials are affected by
magnetic forces
c) A power station to produce energy
17.
Credit cards are composed of…
a) electromagnets
b) magnetic strips
c) magnetic recording media
18.
A radio produces…
a) Light energy
b) Sound energy
c) Heat energy
19.
Renewable energies are…
a) Coal, nuclear and natural gas energies.
b) Nuclear, biomass and solar energies.
c) Solar, biomass, hydropower, wind and geothermal energies.
20.
Thomas Edison invented…
a) The lightning rod
b) The incandescent light
c) The electric generator
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To transfer:
Plastic:
Heat:
To switch on:
Wood:
Electromagnets:
Light bulb:
To allow:
Magnetic strips:
Wind:
Component:
Magnetic recording media:
To build up:
Generator:
To generate:
Static electricity:
Conducting wires:
Power plants:
Current electricity:
Switch:
Power Stations:
Electrical charge:
Closed circuit:
Renewable energy:
charge:
Open circuit:
Non-renewable energy:
positive:
Parallel circuit:
Hydropower energy:
negative:
Seires circuit:
Solar energy:
neutral:
Pathway:
Biomass energy:
To attract:
Still:
Wind energy:
To repel:
To work:
Geothermal energy:
To rub:
Current:
Turbine:
Insulator:
Never:
To rotate:
Conductor:
Always:
Energy source:
Balloon:
To touch:
High tension:
To become:
To plug:
Transmission line:
Electrical current:
To Unplug:
Heat energy:
To flow:
Main socket:
Light energy:
Lightning bolt:
Wet:
Movement energy:
To pass:
Magnetism:
Sound energy:
Easily:
Compass:
Lightning rod:
Iron:
Magnet:
Buildings:
Copper:
Magnetic field:
Electric storm:
Steel:
Pole:
Incandescente light:
Aluminium:
North:
Improvement:
Rubber:
South:
Available:
Glass:
Magnetic forces:
Chemist:
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