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INSTRUCTOR: DR MARCO VALTORTA
CSCE 330
C#
GROUP MEMBERS:
KONSTANTINOS MALEGOS
YASSER AL-MUTAIRY
CHRIS HESTER
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
THE BIRTH OF C#
• C# parents are C++ and JAVA. So, C#
contains many C++ features but also adds
the object-oriented features from JAVA.
• C# is the a hybrid language developed by
Microsoft. In order to understand the basic
features of the language, we must compare
them with its predecessors.
INTERESTING CONCEPTS
• To produce the first component oriented
language in the C/C++ family. You can
construct components that have properties,
methods and events.
• To create a language which everything is an
object. C# bridges the gap between
primitive types and classes by allowing any
piece of data to be treated as object.
MICROSOFT.NET
• MICROSOFT.NET is the new programming
environment introduced by Microsoft.
• It is the new way of building and deploying
software that leverages standards such as HTTP
and XML to make interoperability a reality.
• It is not necessary for C# to use this environment
but C# was especially design for this environment.
Common Language Runtime
• The CLR serves as an execution engine for
applications.
• Every byte of code that you write for the
framework runs in the CLR.
• CLR consists of instructions written in
CIL(common intermediate language-pseudomachine language). CIL instructions are just-intime and compiled into native machine code at run
time.
• A given method is compiled only once-the first
time is called-and thereafter cached in memory so
it can be executed again without delay.
COMMON CIL INSTUCTIONS
• LDC-Loads a numeric constant onto the
stack
• LDELEM-Loads an array element onto the
stack
• NEWARR-Creates a new array
• NEWOBJ-Creates a new object
• THROW-Throws an exception
COMPILERS
• Microsoft provides CIL compilers for Java, C++,
Visual Basic, Cobol, Python, Eiffel and
Jscript.You can even use the assembler ILASM to
write code in CIL.
• All of these languages use the same API so you
can port an application from Visual Basic and C++
to C#.
• Because high level code ultimately compiles to
CIL, the framework lets you write a class in one
language and use it or derive it from another. That
is language independence!!!
C#API
• The new .NET framework class library is a
library with 7000 types,classes, structs,
interfaces, enumerations. The bad news is
that is like learning a new operating system.
The good news is that that every languages
uses the same API so you can easily switch
to VB or C++.
SAMPLE NAMESPACES
• System: core data types and auxiliary classes.
• System.Net: classes that wrap protocols such as
HTTP.
• System.Web.Services: classes for writing Web
Services.
• System.Web.UI: core ASP.NET classes
• System.Xml: classes for reading and writing XML
data.
CONTINUE…
• To enable construction of robust and durable
software. C# includes garbage
collection,structured exception handling and type
safety.
• It allows the use of pointers through the unsafe
mode where performance is the key issue.
• Supports web programming through ASP and
XML.
CONTINUE…
• C# code can be written in any text editor.
The only required task is to download the
compiler from the Microsoft’s Website.
• It is recommended to use the graphical
environment Visual Studio.NET. The
advantages are that you can incorporate
code from other languages like C++ and C
and change it into C# code.
EXAMPLES OF USAGE
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using System ;
//Import the WinForms Namespace
using System.Windows.Forms ;
//Class Form1 extends class Form from the
//System.Windows.Forms namespace
public class Form1 : Form {
//Main Method
public static void Main() {
//Run the Application Application.Run(new
Form1()); } }
RESULT
THE HELLO PROGRAM
• class HelloWorld
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World") ;
}
}
• Output will be Hello World
WRITE TO A FILE
• public class Writetextfile
{
}
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
FileInfo t = new FileInfo(“example.txt");
StreamWriter Tex =t.CreateText();
Tex.WriteLine(“I am writing to the file");
Tex.Write(Tex.NewLine);
Tex.close();
}
SIMILARITIES AND
DIFFERNCES
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DECLARING VARIABLES :
C#: int x; int x=3;
C++: int x; int x=3;
Java: int x; int x=3;
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ASSIGNMENTS
C#: xvalue=7;
C++: xvalue=7;
Java: xvalue=7;
CONTINUE…
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FOR LOOPS
C#: for(int i =1; i<=10; i++)
Console.WriteLine(“ The number is {0}”, i);
C++: for(int i =1; i<=10; i++)
Printf(“%d\n”,i);
JAVA: for(int i =1; i<=10; i++)
System.out.println(“The number is” +i);
C# VERSUS JAVA
• C# and Java are both new generation languages descended
from a line including C and C++. Each includes advanced
features, like garbage collection, which remove some of
the low level maintenance tasks from the programmer. In a
lot of areas they are syntactically similar.
• C# contains more primitive data types than Java , and also
allows more extension to the value types. For example, C#
supports 'enumerators', types which are limited to a defined
set of constant variables and structs, which are userdefined value types.
CONTINUE…
• Unlike Java, C# has the useful feature that we can
overload various operators.
• Like Java, C# gives up on multiple class
inheritance in favor of a single inheritance model
extended by the multiple inheritance of interfaces.
However, polymorphism is handled in a more
complicated fashion, with base class methods
either 'overriding' or 'hiding' super class methods.
According to Microsoft the top 6 Reasons to
Switch to Visual C# from Java are:
• Familiarity
Visual C# provides Java developers with a
language that is immediately familiar and
comfortable to them, regardless of skill level.
• Object-based Type System
Visual C# provides developers with a modern and
intuitive object-based type system that negates the
need for complex and verbose data marshalling
code commonly found in Java applications.
Continue…
• Powerful Component-oriented Development
Visual C# provides developers with a powerful
component-oriented development language that
includes support for properties, indexers,
delegates, inheritance, versioning, and attributes,
without the need for esoteric or rigid naming
patterns and companion classes.
• C# allows developers to use Extensible Markup
Language (XML) comments to provide useful
and customizable source code documentation.
CONTINUE…
• Target Any Device
Visual C# lets developers target powerful desktop
computers and a wide variety of handheld and
wireless devices today using identical tools and
skills.
• Leverage the .NET Framework
Visual C# provides developers with access to the
Microsoft .NET Framework, a robust, thread-safe
library of collection classes, networking
functionality, data access classes, and more.
ANY QUESTIONS?