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Baroque Music 1600-1750 “Baroque” • Negative term for music of this time period – “Misshapen Pearl” • Used to describe the heavy ornamentation of the period – Ornament-musical embellishment, small musical gestures – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=daWPIJQL3yI Florentine Camerata • Group of rich humanists discuss what matters in the musical world – Like critics shaping what music is “good” • Going back to Ancient Greek values and the musical drama – Monody makes a comeback-voice sung over a string instrument like kithara or lute First Opera • Dafne by Jacopo Peri • First Complete surviving opera L’Euridice also by Peri – Based off of Greek character Orfeo – Orfeo goes to Hell using music to get his dead wife back to the living world – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZ5Sheod6W c Tonality • Music based off of scales as we know them today – Development of harmony like today – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0WmBbxP0Z E Louis XIV • Age of centralized court • Louis is all-powerful King of France – Louis loves to dance; Versailles – Louis wants biggest, most extravagant production – Leads to highly paid composer with greatly embellished music in France Jean-Baptiste Lully • Personal composer to Louis XIV – Publishes only for Louis’s court • Creates the French opera including the French dance break at the end of a scene • Armide, French opera • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uE230ev v3w Arcangelo Corelli • Italian violinist that “invented” proper technique and mastery of violin • Publishes music publicly, released from his court (All instrumental) • New genre-concerto grosso – Alternation between small group and full orchetra – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVM9MpCu_J c Henry Purcell • English composer – Over 800 works of varying genres – Marches to vocal works – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8Vkq5xKkHQ – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1ACQpPx8S M Antonio Vivaldi • Forms-large scale structure to a piece of music • Vivaldi has his own full-time orchestra and using solidified forms to produce many works – Different melodies following same formula – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGdFHJXciAQ – Vivaldi’s music creates first wave of “shredders” Domenico Scarlatti • Spain’s contribution at this time is a virtuoso keyboradist • Keyboard sonatas written and performed for his court • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjghYFgt8 Zk • Piano shredding Johann Sebastian Bach • • • • A pretty big deal in the historical world Takes harmony and form to the extreme Begins in liturgical world Organ music – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F51uHpH3yQ k • Oratorio – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFnW_CrPUlA More Bach • Writes for every instrument of his time and full orchestra • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCnJ1Rk9 3_g • Brandenburg court gets stingy • JS Bach is not very popular in his time – “Bach Revival” paints Bach as master of music Instruments • Strings: – Violin – Viola – Cello – Bass Woodwinds • Double reed (Oboe, Bassoon) Brass • Serpent • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWez9hhi tXQ Moving to the Classical era • “Classical” music describes just one era of music in the context of history (following 1750) • Bach becomes the foundation for study of all things music – harmony, composition, technique on different instruments