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WHAT IS A MOLE? • 1 mole of a substance is 6.02 x 1023 representative particles. • Avogadro’s number = 6.02 x 1023 • Avogadro determined the difference between atoms and particles. • Representative particle: the “species” present in a substance (usually atoms, molecules or formula units) KEY POINT!!! A mole of any substance contains Avogadro’s number of representative particles, or 6.02 x 1023 representative particles. Practice How many molecules are in one mole of Hydrogen? How many atoms are in three moles of hydrogen? REPRESENTATIVE PARTICLES AND MOLES A mole of any substance contains Avogadro’s number of representative particles, or 6.02 x 10 23 representative particles. Substance Representative particle Chemical formula Representative particles in 1.00 mole Atomic nitrogen Atom N 6.02 x 1023 Nitrogen gas Molecule N2 6.02 x 1023 Water Molecule H2O 6.02 x 1023 Calcium ion Ion Ca2+ 6.02 x 1023 Calcium flouride Formula unit CaF2 6.02 x 1023 Sucrose Molecule C12H22O11 6.02 x 1023 ATOMIC MASS • Atomic mass of an element (the mass of a single atom) is expressed in atomic mass units (amu) • Atomic masses are relative values based on the mass of carbon-12 MOLAR MASS • The atomic mass of an element expressed in grams is the mass of a mole of the element. • The mass of a mole of an element is its molar mass. Expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). THE MASS OF A MOLE OF A COMPOUND To calculate the molar mass of a compound, 1. find the number of grams of each element in one mole of the compound. 2. Then add the masses of the elements in the compound. THE MOLAR MASS OF WATER MOLAR MASS OF A COMPOUND Find the molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6) CONVERTING # OF ATOMS TO MOLES Magnesium is a light metal used in the manufacture of aircraft, automobile wheels, tools and garden furniture. How many moles of magnesium is 1.25 x 1023 atoms of magnesium? CONVERTING MOLES TO NUMBER OF ATOMS Propane is a gas used for cooking and heating. How many atoms are in 2.12 mol of propane (C3H8)? CONVERTING MOLES TO MASS What is the mass of 9.45 mol of aluminum oxide (Al2O3)?