Download 9 -1 Guided Reading Activity 9-1

Name
Date
Class
★ Guided Reading Activity 9-1
DIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the section and
answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Who received an offer from General Winfield Scott to command the Union’s troops?
2. Where were seven of the eight American military colleges in 1860?
3. Where were most of the navy’s warships located when the Civil War began?
4. How did the North’s population affect its ability to raise an army?
5. Why was it difficult for the South to distribute food during the war?
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6. How did Congress get money to pay for the war?
7. What was the rate of inflation in the South by the end of the war?
9. Why did Republicans refer to Peace Democrats as “Copperheads”?
10. When did Congress introduce a militia law?
11. Why did President Lincoln suspend writs of habeas corpus?
12. Why did the British refuse to recognize the Confederacy?
13. Who were James Mason and John Slidell?
14. What resulted from the combination of rifles and trenches?
15. How did Southerners react to Jefferson Davis’s plan to fight a defensive war of attrition?
16. What was the Anaconda Plan?
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9-1
8. Who were the War Democrats?
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Date
Class
★ Guided Reading Activity 9-2
DIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use your textbook to
supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Idea The Civil War was a massive conflict in which both sides did everything they
could to build up their forces.
★ Main
1. Detail: The Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run made it clear that the North
would need a
to defeat the South.
2. Detail: As the war dragged on and casualties rose, fewer young men volunteered, forcing both governments to resort to
★ Main
.
Idea The Union navy played an important role in defeating the Confederacy.
3. Detail: The South used
to smuggle goods past the blockade, usu-
ally under cover of night.
4. Detail: In spite of a powerful attack by the Confederates, all but four of the ships comIdea The Union experienced some important victories in the West.
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★ Main
survived to arrive at New Orleans on April 25, 1862.
5. Detail: With the fall of Fort Donelson and Fort Henry, all of Kentucky and most of
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
came under
6. Detail: In the
military control.
, 20,000 troops were killed or wounded, more than in
any other battle up to that point.
7. Detail: General Braxton Bragg hoped his invasion of
to an
would lead
of pro-Confederate supporters in the state.
Idea While Union and Confederate troops struggled for control of Tennessee and the
Mississippi River, another major campaign took place in the east.
★ Main
8. Detail: In the
9. Detail: The
with over
, the two sides suffered over 30,000 casualties.
was the bloodiest one-day battle in American history,
wounded.
10. Detail: Victory at Antietam convinced Lincoln to issue the
, which
freed all enslaved persons in states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863.
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manded by
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Date
Class
★ Guided Reading Activity 9-3
DIRECTIONS: Using Headings and Subheadings Locate each heading below in your textbook. Then use the information under the correct subheading to help you write each answer.
I. The Wartime Economies
A. What led to the severe food shortages in the South in the winter of 1862?
B. What was the result of food shortages in Richmond, Virginia, in the spring of 1863?
C. Why did the North experience an economic boom during the war?
D. What were three innovations that helped the North’s economy during the war?
II. African Americans in the Military
A. When did African Americans begin to join the military?
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B. What percentage of the Union Army’s soldiers were African American?
III. Military Life
A. Why did infection spread quickly in field hospitals?
B. What conditions caused many soldiers to become ill with diseases such as smallpox
and dysentery?
C. What was one of the most common treatments of appalling wounds?
D. What did Elizabeth Blackwell do in 1861?
E. What role did Clara Barton play in the Civil War?
F. What was the South’s stance on prisoner exchange after the Emancipation Proclamation?
G. Why was Andersonville the most infamous prison in the South?
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C. Who made up the 54th Massachusetts regiment?
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Date
Class
★ Guided Reading Activity 9-4
DIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word or words that best
complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. Lincoln believed that capturing the Confederate stronghold of
was the key to winning the war.
2. Grant decided to move his troops across the
to the west bank,
march south, and then cross back to the east bank.
3. To distract the Confederates while Grant carried out this maneuver,
led 1,700 troops on a cavalry raid through Mississippi.
4. Grant decided that the only way to take Vicksburg was to put the city under
, cutting off its food and supplies and bombarding the city until its
.
5. President Lincoln became frustrated with General
because he let
.
6. On May 2, 1863, Lee’s troops attacked Hooker at an area called
on May 5, Hooker decided to
;
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the Confederates slip away at the Battle of
.
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defenders
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7. At the end of June 1863, some of Lee’s troops headed into the town of
, hoping to seize a supply of shoes. Instead, they encountered
.
8. At Gettysburg, the Union suffered
was an estimated
casualties, but the South’s toll
casualties.
9. The disaster at Gettysburg proved to be the
of the war.
10. In Tennessee, both sides knew that if the Union forces captured
they would control a major railroad running south to
,
.
11. Although General Rosecrans forced the Confederates to evacuate Chattanooga, Union
troops were attacked at
as they advanced into Georgia.
12. President Lincoln sent General Meade to help at Chattanooga, and with him were
men with their
,
, and
.
13. Charging uphill through swirling fog, Union forces quickly drove the Southern troops
off
.
14. General George Thomas’s charge up
scattered the surprised
Confederates.
15. Lincoln rewarded Grant by appointing him
and promoting him to
Washington.
of the Union forces
, a rank no one had held since George
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Name
Date
Class
★ Guided Reading Activity 9-5
DIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Grant Versus Lee
A. In the spring of 1864, Grant headed to
to take command of the
Union troops facing Lee.
B. After the first battle of Grant’s campaign in the Wilderness, Grant attacked again near
, where the two armies battled for 11 days.
C. Because the Confederate fortress at Petersburg was too strong, Grant put the city
.
II. The Union Advances
A. South of Virginia, General
marched his army from Chattanooga
toward Atlanta.
B. David Farragut did not capture
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C. When Sherman ordered all
, but he did seal off the bay.
to leave Atlanta, he told the mayor
that he was “not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people.”
D. On November 15, 1864, Sherman began his
, which cut a swath
III. The South Surrenders
A. To oppose Lincoln in the 1864 election, the Democrats nominated
.
B. The
came just in time to revitalize support for President
Lincoln, who won re-election with 55 percent of the popular vote.
C. The
Amendment to the Constitution banned slavery in the
United States.
D. Lee’s attempt to escape Grant’s forces failed when Sheridan’s cavalry blocked the
road at
.
E. Grant’s generous terms of surrender guaranteed that the United States would not
prosecute Confederate soldiers for
.
F. Grant also allowed the Confederates to take their
G. The North’s victory in the Civil War strengthened the power of the
over the states.
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home.
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of destruction through Georgia that was in places 60 miles wide.