Download Intra-War Years

Intra-War Years
Russian Revolution
Russian Government Before
Revolution




Monarchy: The Czar (Tsar)
Until 1905 the Tsar's powers were
unlimited
Russia had no constitution
A strong secret police which terrorized
the people.
Czar Nicholas II (1894)
Last Czar of Russia


Nicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler
The Russian economy was bankrupt and WWI
Russia’s entry into WWI became very
unpopular.
Czar Nicholas II and Family
Russia and World War I



War becomes unpopular
Rationing leads to starvation
Nicholas II leaves St. Petersburg to war
front opening the door for a revolution
October (Bolshevik) Revolution1917



Lead by Vladimir Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread”
 Get Russia out of WWI
 Take the land from the wealthy and distribute it to the
poor
 Feed all the people of Russia
Won support of people (especially peasants)
Russia becomes a Communist country and is renamed
the Soviet Union
1918


1918 March The Bolsheviks accept the
peace from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk,
ending WWI with Germany.
Russia gives up much land to Germany in
the treaty.
Communism

A Form of Socialism


Central government planning of the Economy
by the country
Gov’t (Communist Party) makes decisions
on individual jobs and pay (no private
companies or businesses)
The Treaty of Versailles
Germany
Germany’s punishment in the Treaty can be
remembered as:
BRAT
1. Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war in the
form of a “war guilt” clause.
“The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts,
the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and
damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their
nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed
on them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.”
Treaty of Versailles, Article 231
Germany
Germany’s punishment in the Treaty can be
remembered as:
BRAT
1. Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war in the
form of a “war guilt” clause.
2. Germany had to pay over $33 billion in Reparations, or fines.
• The reparations covered the destruction caused by the war,
pensions for millions of Allied soldiers, widows and families.
Germany
Germany’s punishment in the Treaty can be
remembered as:
BRAT
1. Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war in the
form of a “war guilt” clause.
2. Germany had to pay over $33 billion in Reparations, or fines.
3. Germany was forbidden to have an Army over 100,000 men,
no submarines, and no air force.
Germany
Germany’s punishment in the Treaty can be
remembered as:
BRAT
1. Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war in the
form of a “war guilt” clause.
2. Germany had to pay over $33 billion in Reparations, or fines.
3. Germany was forbidden to have an Army over 100,000 men,
no submarines, and no air force.
4. Germany lost Territory and colonies to Britain and France.
Wilson’s Creation
President Woodrow Wilson created the League
of Nations.
The countries that joined the League promised to
take cooperative economic and military actions
against any aggressive country.
The United States Congress rejected the League
because Americans feared it would pull them into
future European wars.
The lack of the US severely weakened the
League.
World-wide Depression
• - 1929 stock market crash (Starts in
the US) “Black Tuesday” - October
29th 1929-dominance of U.S. in world
market (US falls, so does everyone
else… like dominos)
-Payments Many European countries
in debt to the U.S. from WWI and
German Reparations
-France and Germany had a lot of
destruction from WWI
-Poor economies even before the
World-Wide Depression
World Wide Effects
• Effects
– high unemployment and bank failures (people
lost their savings)
– collapse of credit (no one could borrow
money)
– lead to unstable governments in Europe
– runaway inflation- Inflation is the rate at which
the general level of prices for goods and
services is rising and power of currency falls
Rise of Nazism
• The Nazi Party was formed
in 1919
• Hitler joined the party
shortly after its inception
• Germany was in really bad
shape after the First World
War
1919-1923
• Many Germans felt that they
had been ‘Stabbed in the back’
by the WWI German
government by signing the
Treaty of Versailles.
• People feared a Communist
revolution in Germany.
• Nazis gained popularity by
saying that they would not
adhere to the Treaty of
Versailles.
How did the Nazi party gain
support in this period?
• People feared a
Communist revolution in
Germany.
• Nazis gained popularity by
saying that they would not
adhere to the Treaty of
Versailles.
• Military uniforms
demonstrated strength at
a time when the
government was weak
Adolf Hitler
1933
Country: Germany
Type of Government: Nazism (dictatorship)
Goals and Ideas:
•Anti-Semitism: persecution of Jews
•Extreme nationalism: National Socialism
(aka Nazism)
•Aggression: German occupation of
nearby countries
•Unite: unite all German speaking nations
and German union with Austria
•Hatred of Communism
Summary
Write a summary for each of the 4 sections of your
notes. Summaries should be written in complete
sentences. Use the following questions to help.
1. Why did the Russian Revolution happen?
2. What does each part of the acronym BRAT
mean for the Treaty of Versailles?
3. What were two causes and two effects of the
world-wide depression?
4. Why was Adolph Hitler able to come to power
in Germany?