Download full ISN XI - Northbrook District 28

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ISN X: WORK, POWER, MACHINES
Point
Value
Check-in
1-2
Table of Contents/Things 2 Know
text
Reading & Text Questions on 67-73
☜ no check for this ✌ --------------------*
2
3
Eureka Work Video Guide
2
4
Work and Power Worksheet
2
text
Reading & Text Questions on 74-75
2
5-6
Lab: Work and Power
35
text
Reading & Text Questions on 76-79
2
7
Simple Machines Pre-Test
1
8
Reference: Simple Machines Overview
1
9
EdHeads Simple Machines Interactive Web Site
2
text
Reading & Text Questions on 80-83
2
10
Eureka! Simple Machines Notes
1
11
Reference: Three Classes of Lever
1
text
Reading & Text Questions on 84-91
4
12
Notes: Mechanical Advantage Calculations
1
13-14
Lab: Mechanical Advantage
26
text
Reading & Text Questions on 92-97
4
15-16
Lab: Lego Madness
22
17
Simple Machines Matching
2
text
Study Guide on 98-101
4
18
Mind Map
10
19
Parent Signature & date day before quiz
5
*MAke up A,N & I work asap
*A = absent N= Not Handed in i= incomplete
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
Points
Lost
1
TOTAL:
131
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
Parent signature ____________________________________________date_____
Item
page #
Updated Things 2 Know
1. SAFETY FIRST!! (lab walk, fragile things, P.A.S.S., etc)
2. You are required to have a pencil or erasable pen, ISN with cover, calculator,
ruler, and red or green pen everyday.
3. on-line textbook my.hrw.com, username: nbjh3 password: science
4. Satoʼs email address: [email protected]
5. Matter is anything with mass and volume.
6. Matter is made of tiny particles that are always in some motion.
7. Matter can exist in several states(or phases), the most common are solid,
liquid, gas and plasma.
8. Temperature is how fast the particles are vibrating and ...
9. Heat is how many particles there are and how fast they are moving.
10. An element is the most basic type of matter that is still unique.
11. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons and electrons.
12. The number of protons(atomic number) determines the identity of an element
13. Matter is described by its physical and chemical properties.
14. The periodic table is organized on several levels, including by: atomic number,
electron configuration, similar properties.
15. Elements can bond together to form chemicals other than elements.
16. There are three types of bond: ionic, covalent and metallic.
17. The valence electrons determine how an substance bonds.
18. We studied 4 types of reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement
and double replacement.
19. Chemical equations are balanced using coefficients.
20. pH levels of acids are less than 7, bases are greater than 7, neutral is 7.
21. Polymers are composed of many monomers linked together.
22. Speed = Distance÷Time
23. Velocity is speed with a direction.
24. Slope can be a useful tool to understand information.
25. Newtonʼs 1st law: Things do what they are doing unless acted on by
unbalanced force.
26. Newtonʼs 2nd law: Force= mass x acceleration
27. Newtonʼs 3rd law: every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force.
28. Weight is different than mass. Mass units are grams.
29. Force is any push or pull.
30. Buoyancy is caused by the weight of the fluid displaced
31. Pressure is Force ÷ area
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
2
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
Eureka Video Guide: Work
The Story So Far...
1. _____________ refers to how much “stuff”a
thing contains.
2. _____________refers to the rate at which that amount of stuff is being
accelerated towards the earth (or force of gravity)
3.An objectʼs _________________ never varies, but its ______________ can go
up or down depending on the force of ______________ acting on it in various
parts of the universe.
4. The barbell weighs ______________ newtons so it would take
_______________ newtons to hold it up?
5.WORK = ______________ x ________________
6.Work is measured in ___________________ named for James Prescott
_____________
7. How much work is done to lift the barbell 2 m up? Show Work.
8. How much work is done to lift the barbell 1 m up? Show Work.
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
3
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
work ! Force " distance
W!F"d
W ! 16 N " 1.5 m
W ! 24 J
MATH SKILLS FOR SCIENCE
3. A 150 N boy rides a 60 N bicycle a total of 200 m at a constant speed. The frictional
force against the forward motion of the bicycle equals 35 N. How much work does
the boy do? Explain your answer. (Hint: Remember that work is only done when the
motion is in the same direction that the force is applied.)
2. A rope is thrown over a beam, and one end is tied to a 300 N bundle of lumber. You
pull the free end of the rope 2 m with a force of 400 N to lift the lumber off the
ground. How much work have you done?
1. A deflated hot-air balloon weighs a total of 8000 N. Filled with hot air, the balloon
rises to a height of 1000 m. How much work is accomplished by the hot air?
Based on what you know about work, answer the following questions. Be sure to show
your work.
Work It Out!
you lift the sack 1.5 m?
SAMPLE PROBLEM: How much work is done on a 16 N sack of potatoes when
The SI unit for work is the newton-meter (N # m), also known as a joule ( J). You can
calculate the amount of work accomplished with the equation above. Let’s see how it’s
done!
EQUATION:
As you sit and read this worksheet, are you doing work? You might say, “Yes, of course.”
But are you doing work in the scientific sense? Scientists use the word work to describe a
very specific concept. In physics, work is a force applied over a distance.
Use the equations for work and power.
Part 1: An Equation for Work
Work and Power
Addition
Multiplication
Division
D ecim als
Scientific Notation
MATH IN SCIENCE: P HYSICAL S CIENCE
51
Class
M ATH S KILLS U SED
Date
WORKSHEET
N ame
79
Work and Power, continued
Date
Class
W
P!#
t
work
power ! #
time
Power!
Power!
80
HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHN OLOGY
b. How much power does the crane produce?
a. How much work is done by the crane?
4. A crane lifts a load of steel that weighs 9.3 " 105 N a distance of 100 m. It takes 5
minutes to complete the task.
Challenge Yourself!
Work!
Work!
Power !
Work !
Step 1: A 50 N girl climbs the flight of
stairs in 3 seconds.
Step 3: The girl climbs the ladder with
the painting in 5 seconds.
Height of
ladder = 2 m
Step 2: The girl lifts a painting to a
height of 0.5 m in 0.75 seconds.
Height of
stairs = 3 m
Force necessary to
lift painting = 60 N
The unit for power is the watt (W). One watt (W) is equal to 1 J of work done for 1 second. Use the data given in the diagram below to determine how much work and power
are involved in each step. Remember to show your work.
EQUATION:
Work is closely related to the concept of power. Power is a measure of how much work
is done in a certain time. The faster work is done, the more power is produced.
Part 2: Work and Power
N ame
SCIENCE: PHYSICAL SCIENCE
IN
M ATH
4
!
!
!
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
Graded by: ___________________________________________________________________ score:______
LAB: Work & Power
PURPOSES
๏ to describe power and its
measurements
๏ to explain the units of power
๏ to calculate power, work, and time using
the formulas
work = force x distance
power= work ÷ time
HYPOTHESIS(4 pts)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MATERIALS
!
Stopwatch, meter stick, pencil,calculator
PROCEDURES round all to 0.01, include the correct UNITS for each
DATA TABLE (2 pts each box):
1. Determine your weight in newtons, this will
be the force
(Multiply your weight in pounds by 4.5.)
2. Determine how many seconds it takes you to
walk up a flight of stairs.
3. Determine how many seconds it takes you to
walk up a flight of stairs backwards
4. Determine how many seconds it takes you to
run up the flight of stairs (no skipping steps).
5. Determine how many seconds it takes you to
run up the flight of stairs (skipping allowed)
6. Determine the vertical height of the stairs in
meters
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
5
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
7. Determine how much work was done to walk
up the stairs.
8. Determine how much work was done to walk
up the stairs backwards.
9. Determine how much work was done to run
up the stairs.
10.Determine how much work was done to run
up the stairs with skipping.
11.Determine how much power was produced to
walk up the stairs.
12.Determine how much power was produced to
walk up the stairs backwards.
13.Determine how much power was produced to
run up the stairs.
14.Determine how much power was produced to
run up the stairs with skipping.
Questions(complete sentences):
1. Why was work the same for all tests? 1pt
2. When did you produce the most power and why? 2pts
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
6
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
7
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
G.
F.
E.
D.
C.
B.
A.
Copyright
2003
_____ Screw
_____ Lever
_____ Inclined plane
_____ Wedge
_____ Wheel and axle
_____ Gear
_____ Pulley
Write the letter of the picture below next to the name of the simple machine it
matches.
Your Name ___________________ Teacher’s name _____________________
Simple Machines Pre-Test
| Wheel and Axle | Screw | Pulley | Inclined Plane | Lever
Copyright
2003
A heavy object could be rolled up this simple machine, instead of lifting it straight up.
Using this simple machine can save effort, although the object must usually cover more
distance if this simple machine is used. _______________________
Examples of this simple machine are used to hold things together. It is made up of an
inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. ________________________
This simple machine can be used to split things apart or hold a door open.
_______________
These simple machines are wheels with teeth on them that fit together when the simple
machines are turned. These simple machines are used to increase or decrease turning
power by changing their size. ____________________
This simple machine can be used to lift a weight. It has a fulcrum, or pivot point, which
can be located in the center, near the end or at the end of this simple machine.
________________
A rope, a wheel with a groove in it and a weight make up this simple machine. You can
pull down on the rope to lift the weight. __________________
These two parts act as one simple machine. They roll and are found on cars, bikes and
wheelbarrows. ________________
Wedge | Gear
Word Bank:
Write the name of the simple machine that is described in the sentences below:
Simple Machines Overview
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
8
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
Use the EdHeads Link on Mr. Satoʼs Links Page
Circle One
Kitchen or Garage
Object
Machine(s)
Circle One
Bedroom or Bathroom
Object
Machine(s)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
9
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
Eureka!
Simple Machines
(inclined plane, lever, pulley)
1. When you use a machine to use less
force you must increase the
___________________ that you
apply the force.
2. Machines allow you to use less energy. True or False
3. The sloping flat thing is called an _________________________.
4. The pivot point on a lever is called the ____________________.
5. The name of the “teeter-totter” simple machine is a _________________.
6. The principle of the lever states “the longer the arm of the lever to which
force is applied the less that ______________ need be.
7. Mechanical advantage can be determined by dividing the __________ force
by the ___________ force.
8. Pulleys that stay in one place are called _________________ and those that
change position are called _____________________.
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
10
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
THREE CLASSES OF LEVERS
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
11
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
Notes on Mechanical Advantage
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
12
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
Graded by:_____________________________________________________________
LAB: Mechanical Advantage
score:
Purpose (1pt):
Information (1pt):
Materials: Legos, scale, ruler, calculator
Build
A
(1 pt)
B
(1pt)
C
(1pt)
D
(1pt)
E
(1pt)
F
(1pt)
Simple Machines
Completed?
Inclined plane with a mechanical advantage of 5.
height=______ hyp. length= ________ MA=_______
Inclined plane with a mechanical advantage of 40.
height=______ hyp. length= ________ MA=_______
Lever with a mechanical advantage of 2.
Input Dist. =_____ Output Dist.= _______ MA=______
Lever with a mechanical advantage of 10.
Input Dist. =_____ Output Dist.= _______ MA=______
Lever with a mechanical advantage of 0.1
Input Dist. =_____ Output Dist.= _______ MA=______
What is the MA of the Pulley System? MA=_________
G
(2pt)
Build a lever with the most MA possible (must be >10)
H
(2pt)
What is the weight of the load? ____________
Input Dist. =_____ Output Dist.= _______ MA=______
(round to 0.1, minus 1 pt if you ask Mr. Sato how to do this)
Questions: SHOW WORK (round to 1st significant figure, ex: 0.0154 becomes 0.02)
1.How much force would be needed to push(input force) the load(output force) up your
inclined plane in build A(use MA=5)? (2pt) Show work
answer:________________
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
13
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
2. How much force would be needed to push the load up your inclined plane in
build B? (use MA=40) (2pt)
Show work
answer:________________
3. How much input force would be needed to lift the load up with your lever in build
C? (use MA=2) (2pt)
Show work
answer:________________
4. How much input force would be needed to lift the load up with your lever in build
D? (use MA=10)(2pt)
Show work
answer:________________
5. How much input force would be needed to lift the load up with your lever in build
E? use MA=0.1)(2pt)
Show work
answer:________________
6. How much input force would be needed to move our red load up with the pulley
system? (2pt)
Show work
answer:________________
7. How would you set up to lift a load with the least amount of input force?, draw a
picture or explain with words. (2pt)
Input
Force
Load
Fulcrum
Bar
Draw or explain
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
14
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
Graded by:________________________________________________________
LEGO Madness
Card Number Point
value
score:
Type(s) of Machine(s)
open
2
1st class lever, MA=4
open
2
2nd class lever, MA = 2
open
2
3rd Class lever, MA = 0.5
open
2
wheel and axle
open
2
Inclined Plane with
height of 5 cm and a
MA= 4
open
4
fixed pulley
open
4
movable pulley
6 back top
1
6 back
bottom
1
7 inside top
or bottom
1
7 back
3
8 inside to #5
1
8 back
1
9 inside to #6
1
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
15
____/22
Completed?
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
Card Number
Point
Type(s) of Machine(s)
value
9 back
6
10 back top
1
10 back
bottom
1
11 inside
1
11 back
1
12 back
1
13 inside to
#6
1
13 back
4
14 back
3
15 inside to
#6
1
15 back
1
16 inside to
#6
2
16 Back
3
17 inside to
#6
2
18 inside to
#5
1
18 back
2
19 back
3
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
16
Completed?
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
17
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.
Mind Map
Use Word Processing and the following terms to create a concept map:
machine, mechanical advantage, lever, input force, output force, work
If it’s green, it’s biology. If it smells
18
its chemistry. If it doesn’t work its physics.