Download TEST REVIEW KEY – Cat Events, W-E

Name _________________________________________________________________ Date _______________ Period ______
TEST REVIEW KEY – Cat Events, W-E-D, Succession
CATASTROPHIC EVENTS
Define the event and complete the following statements:
1. Hurricanes - LARGE WEATHER SYSTEMS THAT FORM OVER WARM TROPICAL WATERS. THEY
PRODUCE HIGH WINDS, HEAVY RAINS, AND FLOODING.
…produce flooding & high WINDS; can kill animals & destroy their HABITATS; can cause DISEASE and
even DEATH to humans and ANIMALS.
2. Tornadoes - A ROTATING, FUNNEL-SHAPED CLOUD THAT EXTENDS FROM A THUNDERSTORM
TO THE GROUND WITH WHIRLING WINDS.
…produce high WINDS; can uproot TREES; can destroy HOMES and animal HABITATS; can cause
INJURIES and even DEATH to humans and ANIMALS .
3. Earthquake - SHAKING & VIBRATION AT EARTH’S SURFACE FROM UNDERGROUND MOVEMENT
ALONG A FAULT PLANE WHERE TECTONIC PLATES MEET.
Causes great SHAKING and vibrations at Earth’s SURFACE. They can cause buildings to COLLAPSE;
water, sewer, and gas lines to RUPTURE. They can trigger TSUNAMIS when they occur on the ocean
floor.
WEATHERING – EROSION – DEPOSITION (W-E-D)
WEATHERING
THE BREAKING DOWN
AND/OR WEARING AWAY
Definition OF EARTH MATERIALS
(ROCKS) INTO SMALLER
PIECES.
EROSION
THE PROCESS BY WHICH
WATER, WIND, GRAVITY,
OR ICE MOVES
FRAGMENTS OF ROCK
AND SOIL.
DEPOSITION
THE PROCESS OF ERODED
EARTH MATERIALS
(SEDIMENTS) BEING
DEPOSITED (DROPPED) IN A
NEW LOCATION.
Picture
Symbol
W
WEARING AWAY
e
MOVING
d
DROPPING
WEATHERING
-
Physical (mechanical) weathering is caused by PLANT ROOTS growing, animals DIGGING, or ice
WEDGING.
-
Chemical weathering is caused by ACIDS .
-
Weathering caused by running WATER and can result in rocks that are smooth and
ROUNDED. Weathering caused by ice, results in rocks that are rough and JAGGED.
-
Waves crashing on rocky cliffs WEAR them away and creates more beach areas.
-
WEATHERING can turn mountains into low, rolling hills.
EROSION
-
The 4 agents (causes) of erosion are WIND, WATER, ICE, AND GRAVITY.
-
Wind erosion (movement) can build sand DUNES along beaches and in deserts.
Water causes erosion in rivers. A quickly moving river will cause MORE or LESS (circle one) erosion
than a river moving slowly.
-
Small pieces of sediment are moved more easily than LARGE pieces of sediment.
-
On hillsides, plant’s ROOTS can help hold the sediment in place and help to slow down erosion.
DEPOSITION
-
Deposition DROPS , or deposits, sediment in new locations. Rivers can weather the rocky cliff as
they flow.
-
Rivers also cause much EROSION as they carry sediment downstream.
SUCCESSION
Define the following terms:
-
Ecological succession - THE PROCESS OF ONE COMMUNITY REPLACING ANOTHER AS A
RESULT OF CHANGING ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC FACTORS IS CALLED ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION.
-
Primary succession - THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A COMMUNITY IN AN AEA OF BARE ROCK
THAT DOES NOT HAVE TOPSOIL.
-
Secondary succession - THE ORDERLY AND PREDICTABLE CHANGE THAT TAKES PLACE AFTER
A COMMUNITY OF ORGANISM HAS BEEN REMOVED BUT THE SOIL REMAINS.
-
Pioneer species – THE FIRST ORGANISMS TO APPEAR IN A NEW ENVIRONMENT - LICHENS.
-
Climax community - A STABLE, MATURE COMMUNITY IN WHICH THERE IS LITTLE CHANGE
IN THE NUMBERS AND TYPES OF SPECIES LIVING THERE.
-
The first species to grow in a newly formed area is called a PIONEER SPECIES.
-
In primary succession, a pioneer species is LICHENS.
-
Primary succession can take 1000’S of years to reach a climax community. Primary succession
ALWAYS begins on BARE ROCK.
-
Secondary succession may take 100 years or so to reach a climax community. Secondary
succession begins in a place that already has SOIL.
-
Ponds undergo succession too which causes the pond to fill with more SEDIMENT. New and
different types of PLANTS grow in and around the pond.
-
Secondary succession begins after a disturbance that REMOVES OR KILLS ALL THE PLANTS .
Examples of such disturbances can be WILD FIRES ,
FLOODS , or caused by HUMANS .
-
Secondary succession can begin at ANY stage in the succession process.