Download AP US History Chapter 12

AP U.S. History
Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism: 1812-1824
Focus Question
"Early U.S. foreign policy was primarily a defensive reaction to perceived or actual threats from
Europe." Support, modify, or refute this generalization with reference to U.S. foreign policy on
TWO major issues during the period from 1789 to 1825.
Learning Objectives
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Explain why the War of 1812 was so politically divisive and poorly fought by the United
States.
Describe the crucial military developments of the War of 1812, and explain why
Americans experienced more success on water than on land.
Identify the terms of the Treaty of Ghent, and outline the short-term and long-term results
of the War of 1812.
Describe and explain the burst of American nationalism that followed the War of 1812.
Describe the major political and economic developments of the period, including the
death of the Federalist Party, the so-called Era of Good Feelings, and the economic
depression that followed the Panic of 1819.
Describe the furious conflict over slavery that arose in 1819, and indicate how the
Missouri Compromise at least temporarily resolved it.
Indicate how John Marshall’s Supreme Court promoted the spirit of nationalism through
its rulings in favor of federal power.
Describe the Monroe Doctrine and explain its real and symbolic significance for
American foreign policy and for relations with the new Latin American republics.
Questions
On to Canada over Land and Lakes (248)
1. Why was the War of 1812 one of the worst fought wars in United States history? What was
the status of the U.S. Army on the eve of the war? Why was the U.S. so militarily
unprepared?
2. Why did Canada become an important battleground in the War of 1812? Why was America's
campaign against Canada in the War of 1812 ultimately a failure?
3. What were the results of the American naval victories on the Great Lakes during the War of
1812?
4. What was the British strategy for 1814? Why was the Battle of Plattsburgh a key battle of the
war?
Washington Burned and New Orleans Defended (251)
5. Why was the failed British attack on Fort McHenry noteworthy? Why was the Battle of New
Orleans the most devastating defeat suffered by the British during the War of 1812? How
was Andrew Jackson able to recruit "free men of colour" into his forces?
The Treaty of Ghent (252)
6. At the peace conference at Ghent, why did the British withdraw many of their earlier
demands, allowing a peace treaty to be signed?
Federalist Grievances and the Hartford Convention (252)
7. What were the demands expressed in the resolutions of the Hartford Convention? What were
the effects of those resolutions? How did political cartoons lampoon the states that
threatened to leave the Union?
The Second War for American Independence (254)
8. Why did the War of 1812 mean that Native Americans had to relinquish tribal lands in the
Old Northwest? What were the results of the Rush-Bagot agreement?
9. What was the global impact of the War of 1812? What was the war's significance in
diplomatic and economic terms?
10. What were the results of Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo within the nations of Europe?
Nascent Nationalism (255)
11. How did the War of 1812 serve as a stimulus to patriotic nationalism in the United States?
What were the ways in which this nationalism was expressed? How did American literature
reflect this spirit?
"The American System" (256)
12. How did the end of the war alter economic relations between Britain and America?
13. In what way was the Tariff of 1816 a first in American history? What were its long-term
effects?
14. What were the proposals that Henry Clay embraced in "the American System"? Why were
elements of it opposed by New England? Why did many Democratic-Republicans oppose it?
The So-Called Era of Good Feelings (572)
15. How did the demise of the Federalist Party lead to the "Era of Good Feelings"? Why was the
name something of a misnomer?
The Panic of 1819 and the Curse of Hard Times (258)
16. What were the major causes and effects of the Panic of 1819? Why was the West
particularly hard hit, and why did Westerners blame the Bank of the United States?
Growing Pains of the West (258)
17. What were the causes and effects of the western land boom? What were the West's political
demands?
Slavery and the Sectional Balance (259)
18. Why were Southerners outraged by the passage of the Tallmadge Amendment in the House
of Representatives in response to Missouri's request for admission to the Union? How did
the South defeat the amendment? How did the issue of Missouri affect the abolitionist
movement?
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The Uneasy Missouri Compromise (262)
19. What were the provisions of the Missouri Compromise? How was it received in the North
and in the South? What were its benefits and drawbacks?
20. Why did Thomas Jefferson see the Missouri controversy as a "firebell in the night"? What
were the social, legal, and political results of the compromise?
Makers of America (260-1)
21. For what reasons did people move into the Old Northwest? How did the motives and
expectations of settlers from the South and settlers from the North differ?
John Marshall and Judicial Nationalism (263)
22. How did John Marshall give strength to the doctrine of loose construction?
23. Why did John Marshall, in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland, utter his famous legal dictum
that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy"?
24. How did John Marshall's rulings in McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons
v. Ogden limit the extent of states' rights?
Judicial Dikes Against Democratic Excesses (264)
25. How, in the cases of Fletcher v. Peck and Dartmouth College v. Woodward, did Chief Justice
John Marshall's rulings erect barriers against democratic attacks on property rights?
26. How do John Marshall's rulings in the direction of nationalistic centralism and conservatism
represent a triumph of Hamilton's understanding of the Constitution?
Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida (265)
27. What achievements marked John Quincy Adams as the United States' most successful
diplomat in the Era of Good Feelings?
28. What were the provisions of the Treaty of 1818 with Britain?
29. How was Andrew Jackson instrumental in the United States gaining possession of Florida
from the Spanish? Why did Spain sell Florida to the United States?
The Menace of Monarchy in America (267)
30. Why did Britain oppose Spain's reestablishing its authority in Latin American countries that
had successfully revolted?
31. How did the apparent designs of the Russians in Alaska and Oregon help lead to the Monroe
Doctrine?
Monroe's Doctrine Appraised (268)
32. What was the significance of Monroe Doctrine, as, at the time it was issued, it was incapable
of being enforced by the United States? How did Latin America react to the Monroe
Doctrine?
33. How did Russian-American relations change in the aftermath of the Monroe Doctrine? What
were the provisions of the Russo-American Treaty of 1824?
34. How did the Monroe Doctrine lead to an illusion that America could isolate itself from world
affairs?
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