Download Group I d. No, he is just heartbroken.

Group I
Cardiovascular Questions
1. Which set of words best fill in the
blanks in the following statement:
Giant Gippsland Earthworms have
a(n) _________ system with
________; Crayfish have a(n) _____
system with _______________
a. Open, blood; open,
hemolymph
b. Open, hemolymph; open,
hemolymph
c. Closed, blood; open,
hemolymph
d. Closed, hemolymph; closed,
blood
2. Label the structures and direction of
blood flow of the circulatory system
in humans:
3. You encounter a classmate with the
following symptoms: slurred speech,
face drooping, and cannot lift his
arm. Should you call 9-1-1?
a. Yes, he is experiencing a
heart attack.
b. Yes, he is experiencing a
stroke.
c. Yes, he is experiencing
Elephantitis.
d. No, he is just heartbroken.
4. What does a blood pressure reading
of 120/70 mean?
a. Systolic pressure of 70 and
diastolic pressure of 120;
normal
b. Systolic pressure of 70 and
diastolic pressure of 120;
hypertension
c. Diastolic pressure of 70 and
systolic pressure of 120;
normal
d. Diastolic pressure of 70 and
systolic pressure of 120;
hypertension
5. Which of the following set correctly
matches the cellular elements?
a. Leukocytes-white blood
cells, erythrocytes-red blood
cells, thrombocytes- platelets
b. Leukocytes-white blood
cells, erythrocytes-platelets,
thrombocytes-red blood cells
c. Leukocytes-platelets,
erythrocytes-red blood cells,
thrombocytes- white blood
cells
d. Leukocytes-platelets,
erythrocytes-white blood
cells, thrombocytes- white
blood cells
6. Which of the following sequence of
animals correctly labels the diagram
of vertebrate hearts?
a. Chondrichthyes, California
Newt, Squamata,
Apodiformes
b. Chondrichthyes, Squamata,
Apodiformes, California
Newt
c. Squamata, Apodiformes,
California Newt,
Chondrichthyes
d. Chondrichthyes,
Apodiformes, California
Newt, Squamata
7. Concentrations of O2 and CO2 in the
lung/cardiovascular interface go
from a _____ concentration to a
_____ concentration by _____.
a. lower / higher / osmosis
b. higher / lower / osmosis
c. lower / higher / diffusion
d. higher / lower / diffusion
8. Pulmonary circulation takes _____
blood to the lungs and returns _____
blood to the heart.
a. oxygen-rich / oxygen-poor
b. oxygen-poor / carbon dioxiderich
c. oxygen-rich / carbon dioxidepoor
d. oxygen-poor / carbon dioxidepoor
9. During the diastolic phase of the
cardiac cycle:
a. all four chambers of the heart
relax
b. the atria contract and the
ventricles relax
c. the semilunar valve opens
d. the right atrium and right
ventricle relax, while the left
atrium and left ventricle contract
10. Plasma composition of mammalian
blood (choose all that apply):
a. Water
b. Urea
c. Hormones
d. Proteins
11. Which of these statements regarding
blood vessels is correct?
a. Arteries have high surface
area, high velocity, high
pressure
b. Arteries have high surface
area, low velocity, high
pressure
c. Arteries have low surface
area, low velocity, high
pressure
d. Arteries have low surface
area, high velocity, high
pressure
12. Crocodiles have a four-chambered
heart and one artery that lead to the
systemic circuit.
a. True
b. False
Answers: 1. c 2.refer to handout 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. d 8. d 9. a 10. acd 11. d 12. b
Group II
1) State 2 ways in which the immune defenses of invertebrates and vertebrates are similar.
2) Which of these only has innate immunity?
I. Schistosoma II. Ensentina III. Iguana iguana
IV. Professorus Revellus V. Lepidoptera
A. Only I
B. Only IV
C. Only V
D. Both I and V
E. All of the above
3) What are the shapes of the antigen receptors of B and T cells?
A. B: Y shaped T: Stick shaped
B. B: Stick shaped
T: Y shaped
C. B: Y shaped T: Y shaped
D. B: Stick shaped
T: Stick shaped
E. Both B and T cells can by Y or Stick shaped
4)
5) Which of these is not a function of antibodies?
A. Binding to the pathogen and blocking it from entering a body cell
B. Binding to the bacteria and promoting phagocytosis
C. Working with complement proteins to create pores in the pathogen
D. Directly destroy a pathogen
E. Binding multiple pathogens together for phagocytosis
6) Which immunoglobulin is the first responder?
A. IgE
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgD
E. IgG
7) Which Immunoglobulin is associated with allergies?
A. IgM
B. IgD
C. IgA
D. IgG
E. IgE
8)
A. Rheumatoid Arthritis
I.
Immunodeficiency
B.
Hay fever
II.
Autoimmune
C.
AIDS
III.
Allergy
D. Organ Rejection
IV.
Transplant
E.
Diabetes
9) Which of the following is true about antigen receptors:
A. They are found on antigens
B. Each B or T cell has one type that is specific to one antigen on one foreign molecule
C. Each B or T cell has one type that will bind to only viruses or bacteria
D. They are fragmented and presented by MHC molecules
10) The precise site of the antigen that the antigen receptor of the B cell or T cell binds to is
called the _______.
11) Which of the following are examples of barrier defenses in innate immunity? (more than one
answer may apply)
A. skin
B. Digestive tract
C. saliva
D. Inflammatory response
E. All of the above
12) During passive immunity:
A. The body produces antibodies to fight a pathogen
B. weakened or dead pathogens are introduced into the body
C. The body submits to the pathogen
D. an animal is given the antibodies from another animal
Answers:
1) The exoskeleton of inverts provides and external barrier similar to skin and mucous
membranes of vertebrates. Phagocytic cells and antimicrobial proteins contribute to the innate
defenses of invert and vertebrates.
2) D
3) A
4)
5) D
6) B
7) E
8) I: C, II: A & E, III: B, IV: D
9) B
10) epitope
11) A,B,C
12) D
Group III
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Neurology Questions
The parietal lobe is primarily used for
a. Perception of auditory stimuli
b. Motor functions
c. Sensory functions
d. Perception of visual stimuli
The visual cortex is located in the ____ lobe.
a. Parietal
b. Occipital
c. Frontal
d. Temporal
The thalamus
a. Releases hormones, such as growth hormone and prolactin
b. Is the location of the melatonin-producing pineal gland
c. Regulates autonomic function, such as heart rate and blood pressure
d. Serves as a final relay point for sending sensory information to the cerebral cortex
What anatomical mechanism is involved in causing a person to blush?
a. Blood flow to the skin is increased by parasympathetic stimulation
b. Sympathetic stimulation relaxes vessel walls, increasing blood flow to the skin
c. Hearing of Tim Revell yell out your failing grade in front of the class
d. People do not blush, they have naturally rosy cheeks.
The autonomic nervous system is usually voluntary, whereas the somatic nervous system
is usually involuntary
a. True
b. False
The autonomic nervous system is broken into the sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions.
a. True
b. False
Label all five parts and Identify as part of central nervous system or peripheral nervous
system.
Matching
to transmit
8. Specialized
information
9. Gaps in the Myelin sheath
b. Schwann Cells
10. Motor neuron that insulates the axon
c. Dendrites
in the peripheral nervous system
d. Axons
11. Surround the cell body, which
contains the nucleus
12. What is the general concentration gradient of mammalian neurons?
a) Concentration of potassium is highest outside the cell, concentration of sodium is
highest inside the cell.
b) Concentration of potassium is highest inside the cell, concentration of sodium is
highest outside the cell.
13. How does the resting neuron compensate for voltage difference, allowing ions to diffuse
in and out?
a) Action potential
b) Equilibrium potential
c) Ion channels
d) Refractory period
e) Both a & d
14. Ernie climbs Mt. Everest and experiences Hypoxia, an illness also known as “Altitude
Sickness”, is a result of insufficient levels of oxygen to the brain causing dizziness,
shortness of breath, and mental confusion. The inadequate amount of oxygen flow is an
outcome of the sodium potassium pump being damaged. What change in the resting
potential of the neuron is expected in a patient who suffered Hypoxia?
a) Resting potential would decrease
b) Resting potential would increase
c) Resting potential would remain the same
d) None of the above
15. Which phase in an action potential allows potassium ions to diffuse out of the cell with
most of the potassium channels open?
a) Resting state
b) Depolarization
c) Rising phase of the action potential
d) Falling phase of the action potential
e) Undershoot
Answer Key:
1.C
2.B
3.D
4.B
5.B
6.A
7. 1.Lateral ventricles 1&2
2. Third Ventricle
3. Fourth Ventricle
4. Grey Matter
5. White Matter
8. D
9. A
10.B
11. C
12. B
13. C
14.
15. D
Group IV
Thermoregulation & Osmoregulation Questions
1. True or False. Do rays have the same solute concentration as the ocean they inhabit?
2. True or False. The nitrogenous waste of Lagomorpha is Urea.
3. True or False and justify your answer.
Erythrocytes in the filtrate fluid are considered normal.
4. Organism 1 is thrown into water that is hotter than the normal temperature of the water it lives
in. It survives. Later, Organism 2 is thrown into water that is cooler than the normal temperature
of the water it lives in. It dies. The Organism 1 is __________ while the Organism 2
is ____________.
A. a Poikilotherm, a Homeotherm
B. a Homeotherm, a Poikilotherm
C. Both Hometotherms
D. Both Poikilotherms
E. Professor Revell, Sarah the S.I.
5. Most mammals are considered to be homeotherms. What is the only mammal that is a
poikilotherm?
A. Humans
B. Whales and Dolphins
C. Naked Mole Rat
D. Mole
E. There are no mammal poikilotherms
F. A Hollaback Girl
6. Freshwater fish are ____________ to their water environment.
A. Hypotonic
B. Anhydrobiosis
C. Hypertonic
D. Isotonic
7. Lamellale is the ___________________________________________.
A. thick layer, membrane, platelet tissue or part.
B. thin layer membrane with tissue like parts.
C. thin layer membrane.
D. thin layer, membrane, scale, or platelet tissue or part.
8. Enzymes with Na+ & Cl- are used _______ to _____ Na+ and Cl- ions up their ________
________ to keep ______ concentration in the fishes body.
A. energy, push, concentration, gradient, lower
B. energy, push, concentration, gradient, higher
C. energy, excrete, concentration, gradient, lower
D. energy, suppress, concentration, gradient, higher
B
A
9. Point A refers to ___________, while point B refers to__________:
A. Radiation, Convection
B. Evaporation, Conduction
C. A lizards grumbling stomach, the movement of the lizard.
D. Conduction, Convection
E. Homeotherm, Poikilotherm
10. You are really depressed after your Bio2 final. You go by a bottle of whiskey and drink the
whole thing while listening to your new favorite CD, "The Sounds of Vertebrae’s," and
exploring a new career path. You take a bathroom break and notice that your urine is diluted.
This is because,
A. Your body increased the amount of ADH it released and filtrated out all the water in the
kidney.
B. Your body increased the amount of ADH it released and water was pulled out of your urine as
it traveled through the collecting duct.
C. Your body decreased the amount of ADH it released and water moved out of your urine as it
traveled through the collecting duct and was absorbed by your body.
D. Your body decreased the amount of ADH it released and water was unable to move out of the
collecting duct and into your body to be absorbed.
11. When an animal that goes into dormancy during a hot or arid time of the year is known as
Aestivation.
12. Label the Diagram.
Group V
1. Curare is a toxin that prevents acetylcholine esterase from breaking down ACh in
the neuromuscular junction. This causes tetanus, a state of continuous contraction,
in muscles. Which areas of the sarcomere will stay shortened in this condition?
a. H zone and I zone
b. A zone and dead zone
c. M line and H zone
d. Z line and H zone
2. Muscles use an enormous amount of energy. That is why there are glycogen stores
inside. What is the primary function of ATP in sarcomeres?
a. To replace the AMP attached to the myosin heads
b. For the myosin heads to bind the myosin binding site
c. To dissociate the myosin heads from the thin filament
d. To regenerate the nuclear energy of the phosphates
3. When ATP is bound to the myosin head, what is the immediate energy
configuration of the myosin head?
a. High energy configuration
b. Low energy configuration
c. Nuclear energy configuration
d. Zero energy configuration
4. Smooth muscle fibers differ from skeletal and cardiac muscles in that they lack
striations. What is the basic functional unit of a muscle cell that can be seen as
striations in skeletal muscle?
a. Myosin
b. Sarcomere
c. Adenosine triphosphate
d. Sacrum
5. Thick filaments composed of myosin do not shorten when skeletal muscle contracts.
Which corresponding area of a sarcomere does not change during a contraction?
a. I band
b. A band
c. H zone
d. Z line
6. Muscles are usually attached in antagonistic pairs. While the triceps contract, how
much free Ca2+ are in the biceps compared to the triceps?
a. Biceps will have little free Ca2+ in the sarcoplasm
b. Biceps will have high levels of free Ca2+ in sarcoplasm
c. Biceps will have no free Ca2+ in sarcoplasm
d. None of the above
7. While a muscle is at rest, myosin heads bind ______. This molecule is then
hydrolyze to form a cross bridge. The release of ___________ causes the power
stroke where the thin filament moves towards the center of a sarcomere, the ___
line.
a. ADP, ATP, Z
b. AMP, ATP, M
c. ATP, ADP, A
d. ATP, ADP, M
8. Why is calcium needed for muscle contraction?
a. Calcium binds to tropomyosin and closes myosin binding sites
b. It binds to the troponin complex and opens myosin binding sites.
c. It binds to sarcomeres and generates an action potential
d. To regenerate the ATP stores in the muscle
9. Choose the correct order of muscle structure from the largest to smallest unit
a. Sarcomere  myofibril  muscle fiber  Muscle
b. Muscle  myofibril  sarcoplasm  sarcomere
c. Muscle  bifurcated myosin  myofibril  sarcoplasm
d. Muscle  muscle fibers  myofibril  sarcomere
10. Sarcomere length is longest when a muscle fiber is:
a. completely contracted
b. completely relaxed
c. partially contracted
d. partially contracted
11. Cross-bridge formation is essential in the sliding filament model for muscle
contraction. It occurs immediately after which of the following events?
a. autosomal genome duplication
b. ATP binding
c. cross-bridge dissociation
d. ATP hydrolysis
12. You have a muscle fiber in a saline solution with 100 mM ATP, 2 mM Mg2+, and 2
mM Ca2+. The muscle is stimulated via an electrode every second.
At 4 seconds you add a compound that binds all Ca2+ and removes it from solution.
At 8 seconds a compound that exposes myosin binding sites by binding troponin is
added. At 12 seconds, additional Ca2+ is added into the solution. Which letter
corresponds to the chart that best represents usage of ATP over time?
(D)
0 sec, ATP is used up as the muscle contracts and relaxes. 4 sec, without Ca2+ to bind
troponin, the myosin binding sites are blocked and the muscle cannot contract. No ATP is
used. 8 sec, myosin heads can bind again and the muscle contraction uses up ATP. 12
sec, no change because the myosin binding sites are already exposed.