Download Introduction To Artificial Intelligence

Introduction To Artificial
Intelligence
CSC 415-515
What Is (Artificial) Intelligence?

What is intelligence?
–
–
–
–
2
CSC 415, Introduction to AI
The ability to learn or
understand from
experience
The ability to acquire and
retain knowledge
The ability to respond
quickly and successfully to
a new situation
The ability to use reason
to solve problems
5/1/2017
What Is Artificial Intelligence?


3
If intelligence is learning,
understanding, retaining,
responding, and using
reason then what is AI?
Is mimicking such
phenomena using a
machine an expression
of artificial intelligence?
CSC 415, Introduction to AI
5/1/2017
The Turing Test

4
Place both a human and
a machine mimicking
human responses
outside the field of direct
observation and use an
unbiased interface to
interrogate them. If the
responses are
distinguishable, the
machine is not
displaying intelligence.
CSC 415, Introduction to AI
5/1/2017
Two Foci of AI

Symbol processing
–
–

Connectionist processing
–
–
5
An early thrust of AI research
Stereotyped by expert systems, knowledge bases,
and inference engines
Typified by emergent computation
Often leads to representations possessing large
degrees of parallelism
CSC 415, Introduction to AI
5/1/2017
An AI Processing Paradigm
Input
Stimulus
Sensor
Systems
Response
Planner
Effector
Systems
6
CSC 415, Introduction to AI
Output
Response
5/1/2017
Some Key Contributors: A Note on
Origins









7
McCulloch and Pitts (perceptrons)
Turing, von Neumann, Shannon, and McCarthy
Rosenblatt (perceptron learning)
Minsky and Papert
Widrow and Hoff (Adaline)
Zadeh (fuzzy logic)
Werbos, Rumelhart, McClelland, Hinton, Parker, Le
Cun
Grossberg, Hopfield
Holland, Goldberg, De Jong, Koza
CSC 415, Introduction to AI
5/1/2017
What Will We Study? Algorithms
and Representation

Sensor systems
–
–

Response planning
–
–

Motion planning—TSP, resource allocation, scheduling
Search strategies—Swarms, GAs, Neural networks
Effector systems
–
8
Primarily one- and two-dimensional signal sources such as
sounds, image data, sunspot counts, or values in a chaotic
time series
Other sensor data representation such as ensemble codes
and transforms
Robot action control
CSC 415, Introduction to AI
5/1/2017
Robot Demos



Simple line following
Find-and-grab
Robot tag
–
–

9
Robot-to-robot communication (basis for
cooperation)
Multi-sensor processing
Two sensor, line following
CSC 415, Introduction to AI
5/1/2017