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What do enzymes do? What instructs a cell how to make enzymes? In relation to enzymes, what is meant by the term ‘optimum pH’? Write the word equation for photosynthesis. Write the symbol equation for photosynthesis. What is the name of the green chemical that absorbs light during photosynthesis? Name 3 things that plants use glucose for. Why do plants need nitrogen? Bicester Community College Science Department Cells make enzymes Enzymes are proteins that according to the instructions speed up chemical reactions carried in genes carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen Chlorophyll To make proteins The pH at which the rate of reaction is highest 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 1. converted into chemicals needed for growth of plant cells, for example cellulose, protein and chlorophyll 2. converted into starch for storage 3. used in respiration to release energy Bicester Community College Science Department By what process do What is the process by oxygen and carbon which water moves into dioxide move in and out plant roots? of cells? Write the word equation for aerobic respiration. Write the symbol equation for aerobic respiration. Give 3 examples of when anaerobic respiration may occur. Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals. Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast. Define: tissue Bicester Community College Science Department Diffusion Osmosis C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water glucose → lactic acid Groups of specialised cells 1. plant roots in waterlogged soil 2. bacteria in puncture wounds 3. human cells during vigorous exercise glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide Bicester Community College Science Department Define: organ What type of organs produce hormones? Give an example of a hormone. Define: synapse Which organs make up the central nervous system? What is the cerebral cortex responsible for? What is the name for a row of elements in the Periodic Table? What element has the symbol Li? Bicester Community College Science Department Glands • insulin • oestrogen • testosterone The cerebral cortex is the part of our brain most concerned with intelligence, memory, language and consciousness Period Groups of tissues form organs Gaps between adjacent neurons that impulses are transmitted across Brain and spinal cord Lithium Bicester Community College Science Department What element has the symbol Na? What element has the symbol K? What is produced when an alkali metal reacts with water? What element has the symbol Cl? What element has the symbol Br? What element has the symbol I? What state is Bromine at room temperature and pressure? What state is Chlorine at room temperature and pressure? Bicester Community College Science Department Potassium Sodium Chlorine Hydrogen and an alkaline solution of a hydroxide with the formula metalOH Iodine Bromine Gas Liquid Bicester Community College Science Department What state is Iodine at room temperature and pressure? What type of bonding is found in a compound of a Group 1 metal and a halogen? What element are graphite and diamond made from? What are the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust? Write the chemical formula for chlorine gas. Write the chemical formula for hydrogen gas. Write the chemical formula for nitrogen gas. Write the chemical formula for oxygen gas. Bicester Community College Science Department Ionic Solid Silicon, oxygen and aluminium Carbon Cl2 H2 N2 O2 Bicester Community College Science Department Write the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid. Write the chemical formula for nitric acid. Write the chemical formula for sulphuric acid. Write the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide. Write the chemical formula for sodium chloride. Write the chemical formula for sodium carbonate. Write the chemical formula for sodium nitrate. Write the chemical formula for sodium sulphate. Bicester Community College Science Department HNO3 HCl NaOH H2SO4 Na2CO3 NaCl Na2SO4 NaNO3 Bicester Community College Science Department Write the chemical formula for potassium chloride. Write the chemical formula for magnesium oxide. Write the chemical formula for magnesium hydroxide. Write the chemical formula for magnesium carbonate. Write the chemical formula for magnesium chloride. Write the chemical formula for magnesium sulphate. Write the chemical formula for calcium carbonate. Write the chemical formula for calcium chloride. Bicester Community College Science Department MgO KCl MgCO3 Mg(OH)2 MgSO4 MgCl2 CaCl2 CaCO3 Bicester Community College Science Department Write the chemical formula for calcium sulphate. Define: neutralisation What is produced when What is produced when an acid reacts with a an acid reacts with a metal? metal oxide? What is produced when What is produced when an acid reacts with a an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide? metal carbonate? What is the difference between speed and velocity? Define: kinetic energy Bicester Community College Science Department The reaction of an acid with an alkali to form a salt CaSO4 Salt + water Salt + hydrogen Salt + carbon dioxide + water Salt + water The energy of a moving The velocity of an object is its speed together with an object indication of the direction Bicester Community College Science Department Define: gravitational potential energy Define: electric current What unit is current measured in? What is the relationship between voltage and current? What is the relationship between current and resistance? What is electrical power a measure of? Why do resistors heat up when a current flows through them? What is another term for voltage? Bicester Community College Science Department Electric current is a flow of charge When an object is above the Earth's surface it has gravitational potential energy (GPE). The amount of GPE an object has depends on its mass and its height above the Earth's surface. The larger the voltage of the battery in a given circuit, the bigger the current Amps (A) Power (in watts, W) is a measure of the rate at which an electrical power supply transfers energy to an appliance or device and/or its surroundings The larger the resistance in a given circuit, the smaller the current will be Potential difference This heating effect is caused by collisions between the moving charges and ions in the wire Bicester Community College Science Department What does a transformer do? Is mains electricity a.c. or d.c.? Name 3 types of radiation. What does an alpha particle consist of? What is a beta particle? Give 3 uses of radiation. What is measured in sieverts? For the same mass of raw materials, which releases more energy: a chemical reaction or nuclear fission? Bicester Community College Science Department a.c. • Alpha • Beta • Gamma A transformer can change the size of an alternating voltage Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons 1. to treat cancer 2. to sterilise surgical instruments 3. to sterilise food 4. as a tracer in the body Beta particles are identical to electrons Nuclear Fission Radiation dose Bicester Community College Science Department What are stem cells? What are the products of mitosis? If a fertilised egg cell (zygote) divides by mitosis, what is produced? What does meiosis produce? In DNA, which base does A always pair with? Bicester Community College Science Department An embryo Unspecialised cells Gametes Two genetically identical cells T Bicester Community College Science Department Bicester Community College Science Department Bicester Community College Science Department